Ali ibn Abi Talib

Abû El-Hassan `Ali Ben Abî Talib or “Ali is the son of Abû Tâlib, uncle of the prophet Mahomet, who raised it and protected like his own son, after the death of his/her grandfather `Abd Al-Mottalib. It was born towards 600 with Mecque, ten years before the beginning of the prophetic mission of Mahomet. At the six years age, it left the house of his father to put itself under the protection of the prophet. He was at the same time the cousin, the spiritual brother, the disciple and the son-in-law of Mahomet by marrying his daughter Fâtima born from his first wife Khadija in 622. He was the “orthodoxe” fourth Caliph of the Islam (656 - 661). `Alî was the first and the father of all the Imâm S. He was the father of Hassan and Hussein.

Its name means “high”. In Black Africa, one finds the form Alioune.

Biography

`Alî was the first to be adhered to the new religion preached by Mahomet (the first man after Khadija according to the tradition Shiite). It remained in company of the prophet during all his ministry, including with Médine. It took part in the same wars that Mahomet, except with the Bataille of Tabûk because the prophet had asked him to replace it in Médine. At the time of the Bataille of Uhud the prophet gave him his saber Dhû' l-fikar (Zulfikar): Mahomet thinks that it would not take it and that it could not handle it. However `Ali having taken the saber and throwing himself in the fight, the prophet saw it fighting with ardor, striking with Dhû' l-fikar ahead, behind, on the right and on the left. A quraychite being presented in front of him, being covered with its shield, `Alî struck it so that the saber penetrated through the shield and the helmet, split the head of this man and crossed his body to the chest. The prophet, by seeing this exploit, known as: It does not have there a saber like Dhû' l-fikar, and there is no hero like `Alî
To died from the prophet in 632, came the question from the succession of the caliph; the choice of the community is made on Abu Bakr then Omar in 634. After the assassination of the third caliph Uthman in 652, it reached the capacity but encountered claims to apply the law of Retaliation to the assassins of Uthman. Among them, Baited the allied widow of Mahomet with two applicants, Talha and Al-Zulbayr, which it overcame close to Basra to the Bataille of the camel (656).
At the time of the Battle of Siffin (657), it must face the governor of Damas Mu `âwîya family member of `Uthman. Whereas it had the advantage, it accepts the idea of an arbitration, but this one turns in its discredit. It is replaced by Mu `âwîya, which becomes the first caliph omeyyade in 661. `Alî preserves nevertheless some to be able and is folded up in the town of Koufa of which it had made his capital.

Among its faithful, some reproached him for having agreed to subject itself to a human arbitration and left its rows, one will call them the Kharidjites (the outgoing ones). Later, they entered openly in rebellion against `Alî which overcame them with the Bataille of Nahrawan (658). Decided to avenge their deaths, Kharijites made assassinate “Ali in January 661, in full prayer, in the mihrab of the mosque of Koufa by one as of their named Abdul rahman Ibn Muldjam. It is estimated that `Alî then had 62 or 63 years.

`Alî remains however a character emblematic in the Moslem history, impresses of an undeniable charisma. The majority of the transmission chains in the esoteric doctrines soufie go back to `Alî which is regarded by the Shiites as holder of the divine secrecies and the esoteric significance of the Islam, which would be transmitted to him by the prophet.

`Alî is also regarded as the Master of Arab rhetoric. He is the author of many quotations, sermons and reflections which were collected and written in a work, the Nahj Al Balagha ( the Way of the eloquence ), which remains by its very Arab high level of eloquence, after Coran, a reference in the Arab literature.

The tomb of `Ali

The character of `Alî enjoys a great popularity in the Muslim world, but he is especially venerated by the Shiite as a first Imam. Its mausoleum, which is the subject of large a devotion at the time of the Shiite pilgrimages, is in the town of Nadjaf, strongly damaged by the third war of the gulf.

Many a Chiite S believes that “Ali did not want that one knows the exact site of his tomb for fear its enemies do not profane it. The site of this tomb on the site of the town of Nadjaf, was revealed later.

a history tells that the Caliph Harun rear-Rachid at the time of a hunting would have discovered a tumulus which its dogs refused to approach. The inhabitants of the area would have said to him that it was fall it from “Ali.
Another history tells that the secrecy had been transmitted of wire father and that the Imam Ja' far have-Sadiq said to the caliph where was this tomb.
a tradition of Afghan origin would like that the body of `Alî was transported and buried with Mazar-e-Charif in the blue Mosque Rawze-i-Sharif.

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