Alfred Naquet

Promoter of the legal divorce - Partisan of the separation of the Church and the State

Biography and political trajectory

Alfred Naquet - Born on October 6th 1834 in Carpentras (Vaucluse) - Died on November 10th 1916 in Paris - Doctor, Chemist and Political man French.

- Deputy of the Vaucluse of 1871 to 1883 - Senator of the Vaucluse of 1883 to 1890 - Deputy of the Seine of 1890 to 1893 - Deputy of the Vaucluse of 1893 to 1898.

Alfred Naquet finished his studies of medicine to Paris and taught thereafter the organic chemistry at the medical college. In 1867, he is condemned for offense of Secret society. Internee, it is again condemned in 1869.

Near to Michel Bakounine

At the sides of the brothers Recluse, Jules Guesde, Benoit Malon, Ferdinand Bush, Victor Dave, James Guillaume… Alfred Naquet is member of the International Alliance of the socialist Democracy founded in September 1868 by Michel Bakounine. This one affirmed to want before all the final and whole abolition of the classes and political, economic and social equalization of the individuals of the two sexes. alliance recognized that all the political and authoritative States existing were to disappear in the universal union from the free federations as well agricultural as industrial.

Friend of Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Baker

Naquet then decides to take refuge in Spain. On its return, it became appointed Vaucluse in 1871 and sits at the Extreme left with the National Assembly, but it resigns soon to settle with Avignon. In 1883, it is named senator de Vaucluse. Surprisingly, this mystical Jew and Socialiste become one of principal the organizer of the party boulangist and political adviser of the Général Baker (1837-1891). It encourages even this last to make a “takeover by force”, which made it exclude from the group of senators of the extreme left.

In 1889, it is elected appointed Boulangiste. Re-elected in 1890, he claims in vain the revision of the Constitution and he flees in England, goes to London from where he begs Boulanger (in vain) to constitute himself captive, believer that this gesture could revive the flame boulangist. He was in addition freemason.

Scandal of Panama

Alfred Naquet will be continued at the time of the business of Panama and will be discharged in 1898. He gives up the political life then and devotes himself to the writing of works Socialiste S and treaties of chemistry. Naquet was often the target of the Antisémite S and the Caricaturiste S which often represented it in Quasimodo. Leon Daudet did of it one of its targets of predilection when it was a question of defending the family and the fatherland, in accordance with the “integral Nationalisme” preached by the French Action. Partisan of the free love, enemy of the marriage, Naquet manages to make pass his law on the Divorce to France on July 27th 1884. He had attracted himself the lightnings of the catholic mediums and traditionalists of the time which used and drew pretext at the same time of its Jewish origins, of its implication in the business of Panama, of its bonds with the anarchists, to show it Conspiration. The anti-semites will be caught some with him as author of the law on the divorce, calling it " the angel of the divorce and the demon of the mariage" , and a caricature is published in " Free parole" August 12th, 1893 with a legend: “One which is not presented any more”.

Caricature anti-semite

Ceaseless fight for the divorce

About 1875, whereas a certain spirit of freedom floats and thus of freedom of the couple, the deputy Alfred Naquet will successively deposit three private bills in the direction of the divorce for fault.

After several failures, on May 26th, 1884 Alfred insistent Naquet, begins new debates with the Parliament. Clash two philosophies there: the catholic tradition, against the spirit of the lights. The conflict is very violent and turns to the political debate, where the good sense is quickly forgotten.

At the time of the ultimate vote, 355 deputies vote for and 115 against. The text will be definitively adopted by the Senate on July 27th, 1884. The text is voted by the left and it center-left. The catholics vote against. For them, the judicial separation must be maintained. This law does not establish the divorce by consent or for mutual incompatibility. One needs excesses, maltreatment, insults serious or the judgment with a sorrow addictive or defamatory which make intolerable the bond of the marriage so that the divorce is pronounced, at the request of the husband or the woman. The proof of the fault is thus essential. The divorce is marked either with the exclusive wrongs, or with the shared wrongs. " The innocent" can claim with a pension and to deal with the children.

This law makes the effect of a shock and will follow from there massive resignations in the magistrature. It is indeed very liberator for the woman because the man has the economic capacity… and yet, it will regulate the divorce during almost hundred years, because the modifications undergone meanwhile will be minor.

Publications

In " Religion property family " , Alfred Naquet severely criticizes the doctrines deists and nuns. It defends the institution of the property and vigorously tackles the marriage and the family. This writing, had been interdict in France. Alfred Naquet had been continued for the count of indictment: insult with public and religious morals like with the moralities, attacks against the rights of the family and the property, and complicity with the printer. By a judgment of March 30th, 1869 of the magistrates' court of the Seine, it was ordered the suppression and the destruction of the seized specimens and those which could the being later on and, drawing aside the prevention of insults to the moralities and attacks against the rights of the family, the court had retained the other chiefs of prevention and had condemned Naquet which said professor of sciences, in four months of imprisonment and 500 FR. of fine. Printer G.A. Poupart, was condemned jointly to 300 FR. of fine.

- Alfred Naquet without concession for Raoul Duval . Manuscript autograph signed and cut out for the impression, 6 p. with erasures and corrections, entitled: “Still the speech of Mr. Raoul Duval”, in whom he criticizes without turnings the conservative Duval (1807/1893). “Mr. Raoul Duval is not a reactionary but a conservative with the English manner. If ever his/her friends and arrived to him at the capacity, they would stop walk ahead without undertaking of walk behind. Hard copies - Neussargues, France.

- Of allotropy and isomerism , Alfred Naquet, London; New York: J. - B. Baillière and wire, 1860.

- Principles of chemistry based on the modern theories by Alfred Naquet, F. Savy, Paris, 1865.

- the Judicial separation and divorce with the use of the society peoples and manner of making use of it. Manual of the badly matched husbands. Letter of Mr. Alfred Naquet. Paris, Jouvet, 1882. In-12, stitched, illustrated by P. Kaufmann. Pulling numbered, on Holland. At the end of eight pages of catalog of the editor.

- Néo-mathusisme and socialism . Alfred Naquet and G. Hardy. Editions of Conscious Generation 1910,32 pages.

- divorce. Alfred Naquet will be at the origin of the historical law establishing the divorce in France known as " law Naquet" of July 27th, 1884. Paris, E. Dentu, 1877,360 p., table unfolding in end.

- Religion property family. Test, reflections. Religion; matter; theological assumption; assumption of the free will; assumption of the heart; right of the property; interest on capital; the bank of the people; competition); marriage and family (the man and the woman); love; the Marriage; the marriage in its relationship with the Prostitution, the abortion, the Child murder and the development of the Syphilis; critical of the family. ED. Poupart Davyl Paris 1869,310 p. - Cry of an honest man who believes himself founded in right natural and divine to repudiate his wife . Prefaced by Alfred Naquet, then appointed of Vaucluse, this personal work followed by a bill on the divorce, would emanate from a French magistrate of the XVIIIe century - Paris, Bookstore A. Marescq, 1879,316 pp.

- the divorce . Edition of E. Dentu 1881, not very current and is very enriched since the first. One finds there in other of the comments of Mr. Naquet on his intervention with the room of 1876. In this book it prepares with again proposing a new law on the divorce made in 1884.

- the Law of the divorce . Edition E. Fasquelle, 1903,302 p. Cote National library of France, Département Right, economy, political 8-F-14654.

External bonds

- Extracts of the law of the divorce ().

- Presentation: Alfred Naquet and his Lefevre secretary ().

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