Alexandre of Haul

Alexandre of Haul (also in Latin Halensis, Alensis, Halesius or Alesius , and called Doctor Irrefragabilis and Theologorum Monarcha ) was a Philosophe and a Théologien English scholastic.

He was born in 1180 with Hales, in the Gloucestershire, in England, and died in Paris on August 21st, 1245. He made his studies, taught in Paris, and acquired a great reputation as professor of theology: in 1222 it entered the Ordre franciscain where he was a representative of the Augustinisme.

Alexander was the first to write a comment of the Sentences of Pierre Lombard, before him the theologists always commented on the Holy Scriptures. Its Summa universae theologiae (initially printed with Venice, 1475) was undertaken at the request of the pope Innocent IV and accepted its approval. It was finished by the disciples of Alexandre after his death. It is a free-lance work, giving triple series of authorities - those which say yes (thesis), those which say not (antithesis) and comes finally the reconciliation or judgment (synthesis). The authorities are selected not only in the Bible and at the Pères, but also among the Greek, Latin and Arab poets as well as the recent philosophers and theologists. In its first part it treats doctrines relating to God and his attributes; in its second, those which relate to the Création and the Péché; in its third, those which relate to the Rédemption and repair; and, in his fourth and last, those which relate to the Sacrement S. to recognize its efforts, one gave to Alexandre the title of “Doctor Irrefragabilis” (irrefragable Doctor).

Among the doctrines which were especially developed and, so to speak, fixed by Alexandre of Haul, appear those of the thesaurus supererogationis perfectorum' and the character indelibilis of the Baptême, the Confirmation and the Ordination. These doctrines had been elaborate well before by saint Augustin and it was finally set up in Dogme with the Concile of Thirty.

Jean de Gerson says to us that “ the doctrines of Alexandre is of a richness defying any expression. It is said that somebody requested one day from holy Thomas which was the best manner of studying theology; he answered that was to stick to a Master. And with which Doctor? one still asked him. In Alexandre of Haul, Doctor Angélique, answered it. ” (Gerson, will Opera omnia. Epistola Lugdunum missa cuidam fratri Minori, vol. 1, p. 554.)

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