Alexandre Felix Joseph Ribot is a magistrate, to advise State and Politician French, born the February 7th 1842 with Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais), dead the January 13rd 1923 with Paris.

Biography

After brilliant studies at the University of Paris, where he was prize winner of the Faculty of Law, he became a noticed lawyer. He was secretary of the conference of lawyers and one of the founders of the Company of compared legislation. In 1875 and 1876 he was director of the criminal cases then general secretary to the ministry for Justice. In 1877 it entered the policy by playing a big role in the legal committee of resistance during the ministry of Broglie; the following year he was elected appointed of Boulogne like moderated republican, in his native department of the Pas-de-Calais.

Its impassioned but reasonable eloquence gave him an influence which its interventions at the Parliament increased where he was opposed to violent measurements against the congregations not - authorized. It was devoted especially to the financial questions and in 1882 was rapporteur of the budget. It became one of the republican main adversaries of the radical party, while being characterized by its attacks against the transitory Gambetta ministry. He refused to vote the appropriations requested by the cabinet Ferry for the forwarding of Tonkin and helped Georges Clémenceau to reverse the ministry in 1885. With the general elections of this year it was a victim of the republican rout in the Pas-de-Calais and did not return to the Room before 1887.

After 1889 it represented Saint-Omer again. Its fear in front of the movement boulangist converts it with the policy of “Republican Concentration” and in 1890 he became Foreign Minister in the cabinet Freycinet. He had a deep knowledge of the English institutions which he estimated and two of his work published Biography of Lord Erskine (1866) and Étude of the act of April 5th, 1873 for the establishment of a supreme court of justice in Angleterre (1874), treat English legislation; he gave also a new and very important direction to the French policy by the agreement with Russia, which was announced in the world by the visit of the French fleet with Kronstadt in 1891 and which thereafter was concretized in a formal treaty of alliance. He preserved his station in the ministry Emile Loubet (November-February 1892) and after its fall became president of the council, by preserving the wallet of the foreign affairs. Its government resigned in March of 1893 on the refusal of the Room to accept the amendments with the budget recommended by the Senate. After the election of Felix Faure like chair Republic in January 1895, Ribot became again president of the council and Minister for Finance. June 10th it was able to announce officially for the first time an alliance forms some with Russia. October 30th its government fell on the question from the Railroad from the South.

The real reason of its fall was in fact the bad turning which the forwarding of Madagascar had taken, whose price as men and silver had exceeded all waitings and the worrying social situation of the country, whose strike with Carmaux was a sign. After the fall of the ministry Jules Méline in 1898, Ribot in vain tried to train a cabinet “of conciliation”. He was elected, at the end of 1898, president of the important commission of the state education, where he recommended the adoption of a modern system of education. The policy of the ministry Waldeck-Rousseau on the teaching religious congregations divided the Republican party and Ribot was among those which separated from him; but with the general elections of 1902, although he itself was re-elected, its political tendency undergoes a severe failure.

He was opposed actively to the policy of the ministry Combes of which he denounced alliance with Jean Jaurès and on January 13rd, 1905 he was one of the chiefs of the opposition who caused the fall of the cabinet. Although it had been most violent in the denunciation of the policy anticlerical of the cabinet of Combes, it announced whereas it accepted that a new mode replaced the Legal settlement of 1801 and it brought his support to the government for the establishment of pertaining to worship Associations, at the same time as it contributed to make mitigate the decrees on Separation.

He was re-elected appointed of Saint-Omer in 1906. The same year it entered to the French Academy succeeding the duke of Audiffret-Pasquier; he was already member of the Academy of Sciences Morals and Policies. To justify its policy of opposition it published in 1905 two volumes of its Political discourses. He is elected senator of the Pas-de-Calais and remains in station until his death in 1923.

Ribot was a few President days of the Council in June 1914 after the fall of the government Doumergue and returned to the capacity in March 1917, after that of Briand. This last Ribot ministry is during the most critical part of the First World War, which had seen the failure of the Offensive Nivelle and the resounding mutiny of the French soldiers who had been the consequence. Dislocated in September and replaced by the Minister for the war Paul Painlevé, there remained Foreign Minister for one month before resigning in October.

The principal college of Saint-Omer bears his name today.

Ministerial career

  • Foreign Minister from March 17th, 1890 to January 11th, 1893, in the governments Charles de Freycinet (4), Emile Loubet and Government Alexandre Ribot (1)

  • Minister of Interior Department from January 11th to April 4th, 1893 in the Government Alexandre Ribot (2)
  • Minister for Finance from January 26th to November 1st, 1895 in the Government Alexandre Ribot (3)
  • Minister for Finance from August 26th, 1914 to March 20th, 1917 in the governments Rene Viviani (2), Aristide Briand (5) and Aristide Briand (6)
  • Foreign Minister from March 20th to October 23rd, 1917 in the governments Alexandre Ribot (5) and Paul Painlevé (1)

It occupied the functions of President of the Council of the ministers with five recoveries:

Others

He was elected member of political morals the Academy of Science and in 1903 and the French Academy in 1906.

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