Alexandre Millerand

Etienne, Alexandre Millerand (Paris, February 10th, 1859 - Versailles, April 6th, 1943) is a statesman French initially of socialist tendency then which evolves/moves with right progressively of its ministerial course.

Biography

Its beginnings

It is born on February 10th, 1859 in Versailles. Bachelor of law, it is registered at the bar of Paris in 1881 and becomes an important business lawyer. It starts a career of journalist in parallel - it collaborates in particular in the newspaper of Clemenceau, the " Justice " - and a career of politician.

He marries on October 26th, 1888 in the town hall of the 9 {{E}} district of Paris, Jeanne Levayer. They had four children, Jean, Jacques, Alice and Marthe.

Socialist

Elected official appointed of the Seine in 1885, it sits at the extreme left. He is re-elected without interruption until in 1919. He makes sign the " Millerand" decrees; who regulated and reduced the working time while guaranteeing a weekly rest period. Because he recommends in 1892 the nationalization of all the mines, its entry with the government in 1899 causes the disapproval of Jules Guesde and Rosa Luxemburg.

Right-hand side

It becomes patriotic starting from 1914, and created the Fédération of the lefts then the national republican Ligue, its political career culminated in 1920, initially with its nomination as president of the Council and Foreign Minister, then by his election with the presidency of the Republic the September 23rd, after the resignation of Paul Deschanel.

President of the Republic

Alexandre Millerand who was the President of the Council of Paul Deschanel succeeds on September 23rd, 1920 to him by obtaining from the National Assembly (the Senate and the House of Commons joined together) 695 votes out of 892. The President of the Republic will know difficult relations with the Presidents of the Council because of his intention to apply the constitution to the letter and which in fact gives a real importance to the Head of the State. It will run up against the refusal of the President of the Council Raymond Poincaré to subject a reform of the Constitution in 1923. But it is with the President of the Council Aristide Briand that the relations will be most difficult because Briand supporting the helping hand in Germany whereas Alexandre Millerand being for a policy of firmness vis-a-vis repairs in particular. Alexandre Millerand engages in the interior policy in particular in his speech of Evreux in 1923 and the Trust of the Lefts which gains the House of Commons in 1924 will reproach him by requiring its resignation. Initially, Alexandre Millerand refuses to resign because nothing obliges it there. It will name same in provocation with the House of Commons a President of the Council of his choice with Frederic François Marsal. The nationalist right will propose to him to make a coup d'etat but it will refuse there. The President of the Republic Alexandre Millerand will present his resignation in a letter to the two Rooms with these simple words: Mr. President (Senate) I have the honors to present to you my resignation of president of the Republic.

Electoral mandates

Executive functions

  • President of the Republic from September 29th, 1920 to June 11th, 1924

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