Alexandre Jannée

Alexandre Jonathan (Jannée, in Greek) (or Yannaï) , king Hasmonéen of Judaea and Grand priest of Jerusalem (103 - 76 av. J. - C.), brother of Aristobule I {{er}} Philhellène and wire of Jean Hyrcan I {{er}}.

With died from Aristobule, his wife Salome Alexandra releases her three imprisoned brothers, remarie probably with oldest under the terms of the law of the Lévirat. Alexandre Jannée removes initially one of his brothers who asserts the royalty. He takes the title of high priest and king de Judée, which causes the hostility of the Pharisiens, that he makes massacre in great number.

Alexandre Jannée directs the country with one comes up of iron, represses the interior revolts constant by the movement pharisee, in particular the revolt of the peasants against the weight of the royal taxes. He is probably the first hasmonéen to strike currency.

The reign

Alexandre Jannée engages an army of mercenaries, in particular Pisidie NS and Cilicie NS and launches out in several wars: it tries to seize Ptolémaïs which calls upon Ptolémée IX Lathyre, which unloads Cyprus. Jannée must raise the seat. Ptolémée Lathyre seizes Asochis in Galileo, then of Scythopolis and beats Jannée on the edges of the Jordan with Asophon (Zaphôn). Jannée calls upon Cléopâtre which obliges Ptolémée Lathyre to be withdrawn in Cyprus (102). Jannée finds main ground, turns to Galaad and seizes Gadara and Amathonte, but Theodore, wire of Zénon, surprise it and recover all his goods after having killed 10.000 Jews. Jannée attacks the Philistine coast then, seizes Raphia and pushes until Rhinocolure (El- `Arish), then goes up the coast of Anthédon. Having insulated Gaza, it seizes some after a seat one year and massacre part of its inhabitants (96). Then it turns to the Transjordanie, makes demolish Amathonte and subjects Galaaditide. It east demolishes by the king nabatéen Arétas II which tightens a ambush at the time to him when it attacks the plate of Golân. Moab and Galaad passes under the control of the Nabatéens.

In 84, at the time of a campaign of Antiochos XII against the Nabatéens, Alexandre Jannée vainly tries to be opposed to the passage armies Séleucides in the plain by building a line of defense between Kephar-Sheba and Joppé. Antiochos XII is overcome and killed in the south of the Dead Sea and Arétas II of Nabatène seizes the power with Damas. The king nabatéen walk soon against the Judaea and beats Jannée close to Adida.

The following year, Alexandre Jannée occupies Geras (Jerash). A Jewish colony settles there. It seizes the Décapole and the Golân (Gamala) between 83 and 80.

At the end of the reign of Alexandre Jannée, the kingdom hasmonéen includes/understands the Judaea, the Idumée, the Philistine plain and that of the Sharon, the Samarie, the Galileo to the mount Thabor, the plate of the Gôlan, the Galaad itide and the Moab itide. In all the conquered territories, the king imposed the Circoncision and the Jewish Law, measures which causes local revolts as in Pella. To ensure the safety of its kingdom vis-a-vis the Nabatéens, Jannée makes build two fortresses: Alexandréion vis-a-vis Galaaditide and Machéronte vis-a-vis Moabitide.

In 76, Alexandre Jannée dies of disease at the time of the head office of Ragaba, in the territory of Managed. His/her son Hyrcan II, large priest and Jewish prince hasmonéen, reign under the supervision of his/her mother Salome Alexandra (76 - 67).

The revolt of the Pharisees

In 96, the pharisees question the legitimacy of the priesthood of Alexandre Jannée. Crowd decries it the day of the festival of the Gate vaults. In reprisals, the king makes massacre 6000 people.

In 88, Alexandre Jannée decides to negotiate with the revolted Pharisees. Those refuse any discussion and call upon the king séleucide Démétrios III which beats Jannée close to Sichem. However the 6000 Jews of the army of Démétrios give up it soon and this last hastens to regain the Syria. Jannée crushes then revolted and seizes their chiefs taken refuge in Bémésélis (Misilya, in the south of Jenîn?). Eight hundreds of them, brought back connected to Jerusalem, are crucifiés during a banquet, while one cuts the throat of under their eyes their wives and their children. Terrified, 8000 opponents flee in exile (Damas?).

Descendants

Hyrcan II, wire of Salome Alexandra and Alexandre Jannée
Aristobule II

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