Alexandre Chodzko

Alexandre Chodžko (in Polish Aleksander Borejko Chodźko; in Russian АлександрХодзько; in Belorusse АляксандарХодзька) (born the July 11th 1804 with Krzywicze or Krivichi located in the historical area of the Union of Poland-Lithuania or Republic of the Two Nations - died the December 19th 1891 with Noisy-the-Dryness in Seine-Saint-Denis) was an orientalist, writer, poet, consul of Russia in Persia - of Polish nationality, then naturalized French.

Biography

Wire of the writer Jan Chodzko, Alexandre was a poet, orientalist, Philologue, consul of Russia in Perse, professor with the Collège de France (languages and Slave literature). He goes down from an old family of Lithuania.

He makes brilliant studies with the Université of Vilnius in 1823 and obtains the rank of candidate in Philologie, he is very dependant with the poet Adam Mickiewicz and the scientific writer Ignacy Domeyko which forms part, all three, of the group of Philarètes (Filareci; Филоматы).

Its participation in patriotic circles (of which made in particular part Adam Mickiewicz, Thomas Zan and Ignacy Domeyko was worth to him, to be sent to the School of the Eastern languages founded by the Tsar in the ministry even of the Foreign affairs with Saint-Pétersbourg in order to “Russianize it”. It was a brilliant pupil there. Having finished its studies, it is named secretary drogman with the legation of Perse to Teheran, and is named vice-consul with Recht on the Caspian Sea, consul in the province of Gilan and general consul of Russia.

From 1830 with 1841, it benefits from its stay in Persia to study these people and his culture. He regarded the son of the Shah as a friend.

Chodzko is among the first to draw the attention to the folklore Azeri Turkmène, nogaϊ, , Iranian, ghilani, Mazandarani, tadish and Kalmouk. Before him, the orientalists studied especially the courteous literature written by authors resulting from the dominant classes. It is one of the first orientalists to make folklore a subject of scientific research. The London collection of 1842 is for a great part made up of the “Adventures and Improvisations of Kurroglou”, a singer turkmene of the tribe of Teke and hero of a legend spread among more than one ten people of Asia. The Songs of Kurroglou were then twice translated into French, by Georges Sand and Adolphe Briel, then in German by O.L.B. Wolf and in Russian by S. PEN.

Among the parts gathered by Alexandre Chodzko manuscripts are which clarify the various aspects of the religious life in Iran.

In 1839 it transmits to Blaremberg a rare manuscript that it had translated the Persan one into French: “Koulsoun-tit or how the Persian women interpret the Coran”. Of 1841 with 1842, it remains in Greece, Italy and England.

In 1843, it comes to Paris where it finds Adam Mickiewicz and its three brothers Joseph, Michel and Stanislas, and his cousin Leonard Chodźko, all enthusiastic nationalists.

In 1845, the Russians accept his resignation and it settles then definitively in France.

The June 17th 1847, with Lausanne, it marries Helena hr. Dunin-Jundziłł h. Łabędź (1822 - 1886), countess and girl of the count Victor Dunin Jundzill, emigrated general of a noble family of Lithuania originating in Slonim and Grodno (Hrodna). It was the little girl of Michał Mikołaj Cichocki, wire of Stanisław August Antoni Poniatowski h. Ciołek Stanislas II of Poland and Marianna Iwańska h. Jastrzębiec and goddaughter of the marshal Józef Antoni Poniatowski.

In 1848, it engages in the national guard in spite of its quality from abroad.

Of 1852 with 1855, it is attached to the French ministry of the Foreign affairs, but did not break therefore its bonds with the East.

From 1857 and during several years, it directs the teaching of young Iranians.

In 1858, one entrusts to him the pulpit of languages and Slaves literature of the Collège de France with the title of part-time lecturer. It is then made naturalize French. It is one of the founders of the Company of linguistics of Paris.

In 1859, the Shah gives him the direction of the school which it founds in Paris.

In 1884, it takes its retirement and dies on December 19th, 1891 with Noisy-the-Dryness.

His wife the countess Helena born Dunin-Jundzill, had died the June 8th 1886.

Works

; Poems and ballades

Collection of poems (ballades, legends) published in 1828 in Saint Petersbourg under the title Poezye: Alex. Chodzki (2nd ED. , Poznan, 1833).
ballade of Maliny (raspberries), Lithuanian ballade

; Slavic languages and literature

Tales of the peasants and the shepherds Slavic , translated into French and close to their Indian source (Hatchet, 1864); The numerical republication in text mode of this work, maintaining in the public domain, was carried out by association Contes, Vents and Tides and is gracefully distributed by this one.

Published in English by a translation of Emily J. Harding under the Fairy title bruise off the Slav peasants and herdsmen by Chodsko, Alex. London, 1896. new edition in English in April 2003.

" Historical songs of the Ukraine and the Latyches songs of the Edges of Dvina Western. Pagan periods Norman, tatare, Polish and cosaque" (1879);
The Twelve Months has slav legend (legend), by Alexander Chodzko (adaptation): in Good Stories for Great Holidays, by Frances J. Olcott (2006 BiblioBazaar, LLC)
Slavic Legends of the Middle Ages, 1169 - 1237 (Peterburg, 1859)
Grammar paléoslave, followed texts paleoslaves (1869);
southernmost Poland and its provinces…
Bulgarian Studies
Literary Rebirth. Czech popular tales. 1867
Dictionary Pole-English (Dokladny slownik polsko-angielski I angielsko-polski - 1851)
Of the actual position of the literature in Russia - 1872.

; Language and Persian literature

Specimens off the popular poetry off Persia ace found in the adventures and improvisations off KURROGLOU, the gangster-minstrel (translated into French by George Sand) * Persan Grammar, or Principle of the modern Iranian *Djungui Chehâdet, the Canticle of martyrdom, or Collection of the religious dramas that the Persan ones of the Cheaia rite annually make represent.
Grammar of the Persan language - This title was republished in 2nd edition, was increased new Persan texts and of a glossary.
Turkish Drogman , giving the words and the sentences most necessary for the conversation, Vade mecum essential to the army of the East (2 editions)
Ghilan or the Caspian Marshes , historical and geographical description of the country which borders in the south of the Caspian Sea
Persan Théatre: choices of Téaziés or dramas translated for the first time of Persan the
Steamed or Code religious of Mahabadiens
Récits of voyage ( In 1832, A. Chodzko left Teheran to go in Ghilan, the following year it went at Khorasan, and from February 18th to 22nd 1835 in the throats of the river Serdar (Khabliroud). In 1836, he undertook a voyage through Masandaran, and in summer 1839 in the mountains of Roudbari-Zeitoun (province of Ghilan).
Study on Mahomet. In rev. of the East, 5 (1844), 45 and suiv
" Popular songs of Persia, " Eastern and Algerian review 3 (1852)

; Kurdish language Philological studies on the Kurdish language (dialect of Soléimanié): Asian newspaper. sér. V, T. 9 (1857), p. 297-356.

; Others " Historical songs of Afghanistan in language puchte" (" Review of the orient" , 1855);

Distinctions

Large Officer of star of the Lion-and-Sun of Persia,
Officer of the Legion of Honor,
Ordering about Stanislas Saint and knight of Saint-Wladimir.
Member of the Asian royal company of Great Britain and Ireland.
Founding member of the Company of linguistics of Paris.
Member (and VP) of the Company of Ethnography.

Blazons

Blazon of Chodzko - description: Party of mouths to a square (arrow) of money and an issuant money griffon.
Blazon of Dunin-Jundzill - description: Mouths with a money swan, becqué and gold member.
Blazon of Kosciesza

Descent

It leaves five children: Victor, Adam, Alexandre, Therese and Marie.

; American branch Adam Chodzko, born in Switzerland in 1847. Left first of the École des Mines, he is engineer. He is established in the United States with San Francisco.

; English branch Alexandre Chodzko born in Paris in 1860. It takes service on an English boat. He marries Lettice Erlington, girl of the English general.

; Connect French Victor Chodzko, born the June 30th 1848 in Paris, godson of Adam Mickiewicz - Captain with the long course. - It received on behalf of the Korzeniowski family the load of Joseph Conrad which it will initiate with the maritime career.

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