Alexandre Alekhine

Alexandre Alekhine Алекса́ндровичАле́хин '' in [[Russian]] (October 31st 1892 with Moscow - March 24th 1946 with Estoril, Portugal) is a player of failures French Russian naturalized in 1927. He is the fourth world champion of the failures.

Biography

Born in Russia tsarist from an easy family (her father was landowner and deputy with the Douma), it left the the USSR in 1921 for the France, where it will be officially naturalized three days before becoming world champion in 1927 by beating the Cubain Jose Raúl Capablanca on the score of 18,5 to 15,5 (+6, -3, =25), at the end of a match marathon of more than 2 months. It never offered its revenge, however promised, with the Cuban. At the time, they was still the champions who chose the challengers.

After having easily preserved its title vis-a-vis Efim Bogoljubov in 1929 (15,5-9,5; +11, -5, =9), then in 1934 (15,5-10,5; +8, -3, =15), it loses with the general surprise its title in 1935 vis-a-vis the Dutch max Euwe (14,5-15,5; +8, -9, =13). Alekhine suffered from Alcoolisme and did not manage to control its dependence. Following this defeat, it puts an end to this one and takes again the championship of the world later two years, in 1937, at the time of the match revenge (15,5-9,5; +10, -4, =11).

Alekhine dominated the world of the failures for all the period pre-war period. Between 1927 and 1933, it carried out the exploit to be classified first without interruption in the 15 tournaments in which it took part, this series being stopped by a second place with the tournament of Hastings, behind Salo Flohr.

During the Second world war, the title was not given concerned. After the German occupation, during which its attitude was not always very clear (he would have written articles anti-semites in several newspapers, in particular the Pariser Zeitung ), Alekhine had to be withdrawn in Spain, then with the Portugal where he died in 1946 in rather turbid circumstances and at the moment when a match against Mikhail Botvinnik was going to be organized for obtaining the championship of the world.

It is buried with the Cimetière of Montparnasse to Paris, in the 8th division. On its tomb, where its name is engraved in Cyrillic and Roman characters, a chess-board is represented. A low-relief represents Alekhine in front of a set of failures. It is registered: “Genius of the failures of Russia and France, 1892-1946. World champion of the failures of 1927 to 1935, and 1937 with its death”.

Parts

Alekhine - Feldt (Tarnopol, 1916)

Alekhine, following a wound during the First World War, is convalescent in a Hôpital. To spend time, he plays failures with the other patients. He practices one of his specialities there: left to the blind man. Whereas all its adversaries see the chess-board, him sees it only in its head. It must thus not only calculate the possible blows, but must also maintain in memory the current location of the parts.

In the part with the blind man who follows, it carries out a ballet in the center of the chess-board which will subdue the unfavourable king. Playing against five adversaries at the same time, the combination which it cheek is universally famous.

Alexandre Alekhine - Feldt

Tarnopol - 1916

French Defense

1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Cc3 Cf6 4. exd5 Cxd5 5. Ce4 f5

The blacks play without considering the elementary principles of the strategy. Alekhine is henceforth certain to gain, but it is the spectacular way in which it is caught there which makes this part single.

6. Cg5 Fe7 7. C5f3 c6 8. Ce5 0-0 9. Cgf3 b6 10. Fd3 Fb7 11. 0-0 Te8 12. c4 Cf6 13. Ff4 Cbd7 14. De2 c5

The white control the center and their parts are pointed towards unfavourable castling. The blacks opened their castling and the pawn in e6 is without protection. Alekhine benefits from these two factors to subdue its adversary.

15. Cf7!!

A splendid blow! The blacks must take the rider, because if they move the lady, a choked chechmate will follow while starting with 16. Dxe6.

15. … Rxf7 16. Dxe6!!

The point! If the blacks take the lady, then follows 17. Cg5 chechmate. if they play 16. … Rf8, then 17. Cg5 decides exit of the part.

16. … Rg6

Alekhine announces chechmate in two blows.

17. g4 Fe4 18. Ch4 #

Alekhine - Marshall (Baden-Baden, 1925)

Alexandre Alekhine - Frank James Marshall, round 4 of the tournament of Baden-Baden that Alekhine gained without losing the least part (+12, =8), August 7th 1925 (D06: Gambit Rams)

1. d4 d5 2. c4 Cf6 3. cxd5 Cxd5 4. e4 Cf6 5. Fd3 e5 6. dxe5 Cg4 7. Cf3 Cc6 8. Fg5 Fe7 9. Fxe7 Dxe7 10. Cc3 Ccxe5 11. Cxe5 Dxe5 12. h3 Cf6 13. Dd2 Fd7 14. De3 Fc6 15. O-O-O O-O 16. f4 De6 17. e5 Tfe8 18. The1 Tad8 19. f5 De7 20. Dg5 Cd5 21. f6 Df8 22. Fc4 Cxc3 23. Txd8 Txd8 24. fxg7 Cxa2+ 25. Rb1 De8 26. e6 Fe4+ 27. Ra1 (Txe4 also gained, but Alekhine prefers to put its king at the shelter) f5 (fxe6 also loses: 28. Fxe6 Dxe6 29. Followed Dxd8 of 30. Dd4 and 31. Txe4) 28. e7+ Td5 (Fd5 29. exd8=D) 29. Df6 (Df8+ threat) Df7 30. e8=D+ 1-0 (… DxD 31. FxT+ FxF 32. TxD#)

Quotations

“the finality of the human life and the direction of happiness consist in giving the maximum of the fact that one can give. And as I felt, so to speak unconsciously, that it was with the failures that I could obtain the greatest successes, I became Master of failures. ” (“ Цельчеловеческойжизниисмыслсчастьязаключаетсявтом, чтобыдатьмаксимумтого, чточеловекможетдать. Итаккакя, таксказать, бессознательнопочувствовал, чтонаибольшихдостиженийямогудобитьсявшахматах, - ясталшахматныммаэстро. ”)

See too

External bonds

Source

Gedeon Barcza, Laszlo Alfody and Jeno Kapu, World champions. De Morphy with Alekhine , Volume 1, Grasset and Fasquelle, 1985. ISBN 224633411X

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