See also: Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton , born the January 11th 1757 in the West-Indian island of Nevis, dead the July 12th 1804 with New York (of the continuations of a duel with the colonel Aaron Burr), was a Politician, financier, intellectual, military officer American. It founded the federalistic left. Lawyer constitutionnalist of most brilliant, he was an influential delegate of the American constitutional convention in 1787 and was the most eminent author of the Fédéraliste ( The Federalist Papers ) (1788), the most important interpretation ever written on the Constitution.
Hamilton is of Scottish and French descent.
It was the first and more influential secretary of the treasure. It had much influence on the remainder of the government and the formation of its policy, including the foreign politics. Advancing the use of the federal power to modernize the nation, it convainquit the Congress to largely interpret the Constitution to pass from the daring laws. They included/understood the creation of a national debt, the federal guarantee of the national debts, the creation of a national bank and a system of tax through tariffs on the imports and a tax on the whiskey which would pay the whole. In foreign affairs, it supported English; it gave the instructions to Jay for the treated of London signed in 1794. He was vigorously opposed to the French revolution.
Hamilton created and dominated the federalistic party, the first American political party which it built by a system of customers, a network of leaders of elite and an aggressive leading policy. Its large adversary was Thomas Jefferson, which was opposed to its urban vision, industrial and pro-British and created a rival party. Hamilton withdrew Treasury in 1795 to practice the right but made its return in the political arêne in 1798 as organizer of a new army, intended to defend oneself against French by attacking the colonies of their allied Spain; Hamilton also made use of it to threaten the State of Virginia. It got busy to demolish as well Adams as Jefferson with the elections of 1800; but during the blocking of the Room of the representatives, it helped to make safe the election of Jefferson on Aaron Burr.
The historians see Hamilton as the Founding father who the most effectively defended principle of a government strong, centralized and federal, and an elastic interpretation of the constitution. It supported the idea of a strong national defense, the solid national finances based on a national debt binding the national government to the rich men of the country, and a system banquaire extremely. Its Rapport on Manufactures imagined an industrial nation in what was then a rural country. It supported the assistances with the emergent industries but this program did not pass.
" Many statesmen such as Washington, Franklin, Jefferson, Madison, Hamilton, John Adams, John Jay, Morris Governor and Rufus King saw slavery like an immense problem, a curse, a shame or a disease nationale." During the Revolution, he wrote a letter with the Continental Congress in order to set up four battalions of slaves to be used for the combat then to release them - as well as the continental army usually proceeded with the enlistés slaves; several States were brought there towards the end of the war. That would have been the first black unit of combat, the Congress approved the plan to buy 3000 slaves but the official ones of South Carolina reflect their veto. Preceding plans related to only the States. In 1785, as a chief of the forces abolitionists of New York, it helped to stop the trade of the slaves based in the city and supported in favor of a law of State to abolish there the slavery which passed finally in 1799. Its racial designs, though not entirely levelling, was rather progressive for the time, estimates the historian James Horton.
Hamilton deeply was implied in favor of the republican principles , expressed most clearly in its federalist Papers. . Its nationalist and modernistic vision was rejected by the " revolution of 1800" jeffersonienne. However, after the weakness highlighted by the war of 1812, from former opponents came from there to emulate its programs by instituting a bank national, internal tariffs, improvements and an Army and naval. The posterior parties whig and republican adopted many topics of Hamilton but its bad reputation after 1800 did not enable them to recognize it as inspiring direct until its style of nationalism again took the ascending one about 1900.
It wrote the Federalist (The federalist papers) with the assistance of John Jay and James Madison under the pseudonym of Publius. It defends in these tests the adoption of the Constitution.
After being arrived on the continent of North America in 1772, it took part in the American Révolution and in particular in the Bataille of Trenton.
Political thought: Hamiltonian federalism
Hamilton was a disciple of Hobbes and Montesquieu. For him, the state is guaranteeing general interest and the human creativity is the base of any economy. He always does not obey without constraints with the principles of the reason and justice. A government must be energetic, with the hands of most gifted and more reasonable.
Freedom is related to the property whose unequal distribution is related to the human nature. Hamilton designs the thirteen colonies, plain by a text, economically prosperous thanks to industry, alive in autarky and protectionism.
He proposes a form of Fédéralisme having to limit the capacity of the States and to increase the civil rights. The federalism " hamiltonien" is an instrument of liberalism and separation of the capacities, which slow down the pressure of popular sovereignty. It is based on the primacy of the institutions which emanate from the citizens and who assume their decision-making power, but by drawing aside any preliminary political line. That makes of it the difference compared to the integral Fédéralisme with research of doctrines embracing the unit of the political arenas and social.
Like Jefferson, Hamilton is élitiste and individualistic, but its democratic and capitalist ideas are opposed to utilitarianism and optimism future president.
Quotations
The people are turbulent and changing, seldom he judges or decides reasonablySee too
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