Aleria is a common French, located in the department of the Haute-Corse and the Corsica area .

Geography

Aleria is built on the Corsican Eastern plain (which takes sometimes its name), today with the crossroads of the trunk roads N200 and N198. The commune extends on the surrounding agricultural domains, of the water level of Teppe Rose (in the west), with the pond of Diana (in the North-East), and with the penitentiary of Casabianda (in south-east). It is crossed by the Tavignanu river which completes here its race in the sea. The borough U Cateraghju slightly dominates the river in withdrawal of the coast.

History

The first signs of occupation of the plate of Aleria by the man goes up with the thousand-year-old Life front J. - C. Neolithic with the age of iron, the inhabitants of the surroundings live of breeding and Agriculture, of fishing in the close ponds, exploiting the natural resources little by little, and developing the Métallurgie.

In 565 front J. - C., the Phocée NS driven out of Minor Asia by the Persian , found a colony with the mouth of the Rhotanos ( Tavignanu ): Alalia , with the current site of Aleria. The Corsica comes thus into contact with other Mediterranean civilizations, by the trade in particular. The city is populated families of Greek immigrants . The autochtones only come downtown to trade but see their dwellings driven back towards the heights and the forests. Phocéens introduce in Corsica the Vigne and the olive-tree, import amphoras and ceramics, develop arts, the literature, build buildings into hard, between streets and places traced by town planners, raise a temple.

The Etrusques are interested in opulent Alalia then the Carthaginois are combined with them for the naval battle of 535 front J. - C., off the city. Phocéens lose sixty their ships and are obliged to flee in mass towards Massilia or the Italy. The counter of Alalia mongrel: Etruscan populations and Carthaginians cohabit there with the Greeks.

But the Carthaginian presence in this cosmopolitan counter attracts the lightnings of Rome. Alalia is taken in 259 front J. - C. and becomes Aleria . After the conquest of the island, a fort of legionaries is established there by Sylla. Auguste promotes the city with the row of colony which becomes capital Corsica : the Procurateur of the emperor resides at it in a palate.

With time, Aleria takes Roman forms, one finds there a Roman Forum, a Prétoire, villas, shops, a Temple, Roman Thermes and sewers. For seven centuries, it constitutes the center of the strong romanisation of Corsica and a large port of shipment of Granite, ores, of oil and cork.

Near the city the Romans even have a wearing of war located on the coast or in the pond of Diana.

The Christianisation is held there very early (towards 60 a. J. - C.). Sainte Excessively pious woman is martyrisée there about the 3rd century. The legend wants that its skin miraculeusement was miraculeusement led to Monaco in a boat guided by a dove.

With the fall of Rome, about the 5th century, the Vandales which break on Corsica shave the city. Bringing with them the germs of the Malaria, they make the presence human impossible on the plain of Aleria for the centuries to come. The history of the city is not well-known then. At the 15th century, the Génois vainly try to raise the city and build a fort. The family Of Matra has the command and remains of it faithful to the République of Genoa even at the 18th century, whereas the Corsicans of the interior fight to release themselves from Genoa.

The repopulation of the places is finally possible after the Second world war, thanks to the cleansing of the plain by the American army.

Events of Aleria

The August 21st 1975, a few tens of men, pulled by Edmond Simeoni, occupy the farm of a wine grower of Aleria of origin Pied-noir suspecté to be mingled with an accounting scandal. The leader of the Corsica regionalistic Action (ARC) made known the reasons of this takeover by force in these terms:
It acts to reveal the scandal of the wines blaming the owner of the cellar and several of his/her friends traders. After having profited from exorbitant loans, the persons in charge of the viticultural cellars set up an enormous swindle of several billion old francs, with the damage of small wine growers.
Thereafter, 1200 gendarmes and CRS were conveyed in order to give the attack with the support of armoured tanks and helicopters, and to empty the cellar of its occupants.

Friday August 22nd sees the rendering of the occupants of the Depeille farm, after a shooting which will make two dead among the police force and a seriously injured among the demonstrators. The separatists leave their cutting off the weapons with the hand whereas new reinforcements arrive by helicopters. Crowd then tries to force the stoppings, entonne the Corsican anthem and ends up coming to set fire to the remainders of the farm and the wine buildings. All the night with Bastia take place of violent one confrontations.

The ARC is dissolved the August 27th, which gives place to new armed confrontations with Bastia, which show a death and several casualties among the police force dispatched of the continent.

The drama of Aleria throws the opprobrium on finances and the local policy, and will carry even damage to the Corsican wines. " These three minutes which shook Corsica " the starting point of the toughening of the Corsican Nationalisme marks.

Administration

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Demography

Economy

The climate and the fertility of the surrounding grounds make it possible the plain of Aleria to be the heart of the Corsican production by its agriculture: The Ovine breeding and Bovin is also widespread around Aleria. Lastly, the pond of Diana gives a new rise to the economy thanks to the Pisciculture and to the Conchyliculture (oysters, moulds). Tourism takes importance. The term Costa Serena appears on the booklets indicating the contrast which exists between the serene Eastern littoral (sand beaches soft inclined) and the abrupt Western coast, rock and tormented.

Places and monuments

  • the archeological site of Aleria is composed of the vestiges of the necropolis pre-Roman, of the Roman villa and the old Roman city, completely put at the day since 1965. The latter constitutes the first Corsican ancient unit, with forum, gantries, temple, nymphée, houses and shops, balneum and mosaics, industrial plant, roadway system, etc Of many coins (furniture, ceramics, currencies, sculptures, bronzes…) are however today with the museum Jerome-Carcopino .
  • the church Saint-Marcel was the first built in Corsica (during the thousand-year-old 1st), destroyed then rebuilt several times, by re-using stones of the Roman city.
  • the vestiges of the turn of Diana , old turn génoise, are still visible between the coast and the pond of Diana .
  • the field of Casabianda (south-eastern) extends on 1800ha. It is occupied by a natural reserve and a model penitentiary (experiment of work in semi-freedom).

Extremely Of Matra and Musée Jerome Carcopino

The Fort is located on a rocky outcrop at the north of the plate of Aleria and dominates the river Tavignanu and the plain around. Built about 1484 by the Génois, it constituted a station of garrison and monitoring of the coast and ponds, as well as a deposit of weapons génois. This is why it was plundered by the insurrectionists at the time of the Corsican revolt of 1729. The March 12th 1736, Theodore de Neuhoff, then appointed king of Corsica, unloading in Corsica, was accommodated there solemnly. Lastly, the Matra made use of it of fulcrum in their fight against the government of Pascal Paoli. This fortress shelters today the archaeological Musée of Aleria . Classified historic building in 1962, it takes since 1969 the name of the Corsican scientist Jerome Carcopino, at the origin of the resumption of the excavations on the ancient site. Nearly 8000 years of history are exposed. The oldest objects date from and most recent from 5th century a. J. - C. the prehistoric vestiges , Greek ceramics , Etruscan and Roman, the elements of ornament, the objects utility and the weapons that one sees there are of a great archaeological interest for ancient Corsica.

See too

  • Common of the Haute-Corse

External bonds

  • Aleria on the site of the national geographical Institute
  • Aleria on the site of INSEE
  • Aleria on the site of Plane Quid
  • of Aleria on Mapquest
  • Jean and Laurence Jehasse, '' Aléria: new data of the necropolis '', volume II, Lyon, House of the Mediterranean East, 2001 (digitized work)
  • Parts of the archaeological Museum Jerome Carcopino d' Aleria

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