Alcide De Gasperi - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Alcide De Gasperi (born the April 3rd 1881 with Pieve Tesino, in current the autonomous Province of Thirty, in the area of the Trentin-Haut-Adige, but then in Austria - died with Sella di Valsugana, Italy the August 19th 1954) was an Italian politician first half of the 20th century, which was the founder of the Christian Democrat after the Second world war.

Biography

Youth

Born Austrian in the province from Thirty, in the south of the the Tyrol, Alcide De Gasperi becomes stock-broker with the Université of Vienna in 1900, at the 19 years age, and will become later doctor of philosophy and letters. In 1904, riots are caused by students of German Langue during the inauguration of the Faculty of Law to Innsbruck and De Gasperi knows the prison then first once. That could have pushed it to be combined with the irredentism (Austrian South which wants to become Italian), but it is not tried by this way there. A movement pro-Italian is formed around him and it thus becomes, in 1905, director of the Voce Cattolica , which will become thereafter It Trentino , the press agency of the Popular party of Trentin for the Italians of this area.

Beginnings in policy

In 1911, he is elected appointed Austrian with the Austrian room. Its speeches defend “the italianity” of its province. The day before the First World War, this young deputy will be spent in favor of peace by meeting the Italian Minister for the foreign affairs. But the war will burst and cross short to its projects. The shortly after the peace treaties of 1919, Trentin is allotted to Italy. Alcide De Gasperi thus becomes Italian; it is a man-border, like much of actors of European construction. It established in Rome and continues its political action. In 1921, it becomes appointed Italian and chairs the political group of Partito Popolare, the catholic party rested by the abbot Luigi Sturzo and who will be the ancestor of the future Christian Democrat. He will travel to Germany at that time. Anecdote: during its voyage, it passes to Cologne and Adenauer, which is at that time mayor of Cologne, accommodates there. They tie bonds.

Opposition to Fascism

However, on October 28th, 1922 Benito Mussolini arrives at the capacity and De Gasperi will have problems with the fascists, who will attack him. In 1926 it is deposed of its parliamentary mandate and it knows the prison (NB: Schuman and Adenauer also made prison). It is slackened in 1928 thanks to the action of the bishop of Thirty near the King of Italy, which collaborates with Mussolini. It continues its combat of its modest employment at the Library of the Vatican where it took refuge, and tests, the day before the second world war, to build a new catholic party, which will take the denomination of Christian Democrat.

Post-war period

June 16th, 1944, therefore 12 days after the release of Rome, he becomes minister without portfolio in the 1st government of Ivanoe Bonomi. Foreign Minister in 2nd Government Bonomi (December 12th, 1944 - June 19th, 1945) and in the government of Ferruccio Parri (June 21st, 1945 - December 8th, 1945). Its big challenge: to give again a place in Italy in the Concert of the Western Nations. December 10th, 1945, it will be a president of the council for the first time. It will be to it 8 times.

The European idea

In May 1950, he answers the call of Schuman favorably and gives full sound support immediately. According to him, the place of Italy east in ECSC, it wants to regild the image of its country. He dreams of an European Federation, not only in the field of coal and steel, but in all the fields. He will bind friendship with Schuman. Patient, is not any more president of the council as from the summer 1953, but it remains with the head of its party. He will not see the birth of the European army which it wished because it dies on August 19th, 1954, in Sella di Valsugana (in Trentin).

Political mandates

He exerted the functions of president of the Italian Council of Ministers to eight recoveries, in eight successive governments:

of the December 10th 1945 at July 1st 1946, succeeding Ferruccio Parri,
of the July 13rd 1946 with the January 20th 1947, following one another itself,
of the February 2nd 1947 with the May 13rd 1947, following one another itself,
of the May 31st 1947 with the May 12th 1948, following one another itself,
of the May 23rd 1948 with the January 12th 1950, following one another itself,
of the January 27th 1950 with July 16th 1951, following one another itself,
of the July 26th 1951 with the June 29th 1953, following one another itself,
of the July 16th 1953 with the July 28th 1953, following one another itself, and being in its turn replaced by Giuseppe Peeled.

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