Albert Pike

Jacques Derrida , born Jackie Derrida the July 15th 1930 with El Biar (Algeria) and dead the October 9th 2004 with Paris, is a Philosophe French which initiated then developed the method of the Déconstruction. This concept (although Derrida challenges explicitly that it is about a concept, nor even of a method), a criticism of presupposed of the Parole, largely overflowed of its discipline of origin and touches henceforth with the Littérature, the Peinture, the Psychanalyse, etc Derrida, moreover, associated its name with many reflections on philosophy.

Biography

Of Jewish origin and Sardinian, it undergoes repression related to the events of the end of the Années 1930. He knows, during his youth, an animated schooling. He sees the subways like normative, standardizing oppressors and moralizers. Sportsman, it takes part in many competitions Sport ives and dreams to become Football professional or. But it is as at that time as he discovers and reads philosophers and writers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Friedrich Nietzsche, André Gide and Albert Camus.

After three years of literary preparatory classes with the Louis-the-Large College with Paris, it enters - after two failures - to the National university in 1952, where it discovers Kierkegaard and Martin Heidegger. It made there the meeting of Althusser. Then he is assistant at the American university of Harvard.

He Marie in June 1957 with Marguerite Aucouturier, a Psychoanalyst, and carries out his Military service thereafter. The birth of its first wire, Pierre, took place six years later. In 1959, it teaches for the first time at the college of the Mans and is invited to the first decade of Cerisy (cycle of conferences to which it will be invited four times).

In 1964, it obtains the price Jean-Cavaillès (price of epistemology) for his translation (and especially masterly the Introduction ) of the Origine of the geometry of Edmund Husserl. In 1965, he is professor of Philosophie to Normale Sup where he occupies the function of “caiman”, i.e. of director of study, with Louis Althusser. Its participation in the Conference of Baltimore to the University Johns Hopkins mark the beginning of its frequent voyages with the the United States. In 1967, its first three books are published (it is also the year of the birth of its second Jean wire). He côtoie regularly Maurice Blanchot and joins gradually Jean-Luc Nancy, Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe and Sarah Kofman. The editions Galileo are founded at that time and become the “voice” of the Déconstruction.

In 1978, Jacques Derrida takes the initiative of launching the General states of philosophy to the Sorbonne. It is implied more and more in actions Politique S, field which it had apparently drawn aside from its professional life (it remained in withdrawal compared to the events of May 1968).

In 1981, it founds the Association Jean-Hus with Jean-Pierre Vernant which helps the Czech intellectuals dissenting. It will be stopped and briefly imprisoned with Prague (of the agents of the Czech services dissimulated drug in its luggage) following a clandestine seminar. It is François Mitterrand which will make it release.

It founds the international Collège of philosophy in 1983. One of the most visible traces in its work of what some regarded as its " politisation" will have been the publication into 1993 of " Spectra of Marx".

Starting from 1984, it is Directeur of studies to the École of the high studies in social sciences. Married to Marguerite Aucouturier, it has in 1984 a child of its relation with Sylviane Agacinski, which it raised only thereafter, before becoming the partner of Lionel Jospin in 1989, and then its wife.

It is Distinguished Professor in philosophy, French and comparative literature with the the University of California with Irvine (UCI) in the United States as from 1986.

In 1995, Jacques Derrida is member of the support group with Lionel Jospin. But he refuses to be it in 2002, because in particular of the judgment which he carries on the policy of the Socialist government on immigration. On the other hand Sylviane Agacinski written in its Newspaper stopped , published after the defeat of Jospin: “I read on May 23rd in Libération that Jacques Derrida did not vote with the first turn " by bad mood against all candidats" ”.

Starting from 2003, Jacques Derrida suffers from a Cancer of the Pancréas and reduces considerably its conferences and its displacements. He dies the October 9th 2004 in a Parisian hospital, at the 74 years age.

Work

Philosopher French major of the 20th century, Derrida profits from a recognition on the two sides of the Atlantic, which goes well beyond the university world. For example, the film of Woody Allen Deconstructing Harry (in 1997, translated into French by Harry in all its states ) is a direct reference to work of this author - " référence" that Derrida will judge poor and disappointing besides in comparison with the complexity of this " concept". “Cultural Hero” with the the United States according to Jean-Louis Hoots Literary Magazine , it received 21 times a doctorate Honoris causa , several universities. Derrida declared before its death with the newspaper Humanity : “I never made long stays with the the United States, most clearly my time over there does not do without. However, the reception of my work was there indeed more generous, more attentive, I met there less Censure, stoppings, conflicts that in France.”

However, Derrida with the reputation to be a difficult, demanding writer for his reader, even for philosophers. Its style is dense, it practices many word games and affectionate allusions. Its reading, often disconcerting and requiring many second readings, reveals openings on the future of philosophy. Its questioning of Husserl and more largely of Western philosophy the conduit with déconstruire the phenomenologic approach: for him, the writing was neglected a long time with the profit of the word. It makes hunting for the methodological dead ends then. This work takes seat in the introduction of the Origine of the Geometry .

Derrida is despite everything a philosopher who unchains passions. Its first work of international significance is vivements criticized. In its test on the philosopher English John L. Austin and its theory of the acts of language, Derrida is shown entêter to state obvious untruths, in particular by the American philosopher John Searle. Many are the philosophers who protested against the doctorate honoris causa that decreed to him the Université of Cambridge in 1992, reproaching work of Derrida “their inadequacy with the standards of clearness and rigor”. It is besides with the the United States, that he attended much, that he will know the greatest audience and that its work will fertilize the fields most deeply philosophical, political and literary. But one can say that the radiation of its thought was and remains today considerable in the whole world.

If the philosophy does not know how to behave with Derrida, in turn acclaiming it and disavowing it, other disciplines could be recognized in the Déconstruction and its work on the epistemology.

Ideas

See also: Déconstruction

Of Plato ( Phèdre ) with Rousseau and Lévi-Strauss, he denounces the traditional primacy of the word, conceived like " vie" and " présence" , on the writing. He indicates this metaphysical system like logocentrism , even Phallogocentrisme . It " déconstruit" thus metaphysics Western, founded on the determination to be it as a presence, while updating presupposed which underlies it and the aporias to which it carries out.

In particular, it is a question of discovering, in the texts of the tradition, the binary articulation of concepts which metaphysics claims to distinguish in their purity:

  • Presence/absence;
  • Phenomenon/gasoline; understandable/sensitive, reality/appearance;
  • Word/writing; nature/culture; artifice/authenticity; female masculine/…

Each one of these oppositions is accessory to different and constitutes a whole of values which exceed the philosophical framework: this binarity is properly political and systematically devalues one by the terms, thought like " accident" , " parasite" , " excrément".

However, the différance is precisely the movement " producteur" of these differences: it is the " processus" by which the concepts differ. Contemporary of the Structuralism, Derrida works out a difference close to that which, at Ferdinand de Saussure, gives direction to the meaning elements, in the form of trace. The " trace" , however, does not allow to go up with any origin: the concepts differ, are never fully in themselves and are intricate in spite of their apparent opposition, but there is no truth first, no difference transcendantale to be continued.

The writing was devalued, because material but source of error: by registering a cut trace of its enonciator, it is detached from the sharp voice, only source of truth.

However, the language, even oral, means only while implying dead or absence of the referent in particular the reading of the seminar of [[stolen Letter] of Lacan, in the Postcard, of Socrate with Freud and beyond ]: the iterability which founds the possibility of the sign registered with same this one the cut of sound " origine" , decontextualization, the absence of the speaker. The direction supposes in its heart absence of referent and the conscience, because it is spread in the interval which separates them, in the linguistic convention which returns any sign by detachable definition of its context.

However, the work of the déconstruction assumes never to be released fully from what it demystifies: she works with same the concepts, out of cheek to play them against themselves, seeks with to move the oppositions without claiming to destroy them.

Desire of presence which lives the desire of direction (that the thing concerned is given as such in the aiming) is contradictory, since the direction emerges only in its " mortifère" iterability.

Derrida tests a heart of opacity in the middle of the rational one, identified like defect necessary and originating in presence, like originating variation.

It acts, according to François-David Sebbah, to test and not to produce positive tests.

Works

Jacques Derrida is the author of more than 80 works. Its most known writings or those appear here which clarify best its thought.

Tests and memories

  • the problem of the genesis in the philosophy of Husserl

Books

  • Of the grammatology , 1967, Editions of Midnight. ISBN 2707300128
  • the Voice and the phenomenon , 1967, University Presses of France. ISBN 2130539580
  • the writing and the difference , 1967, Threshold. ISBN 2020051826
  • Positions , 1972, Editions of Midnight. ISBN 2707302511
  • the dissemination , 1972, Threshold. ISBN 2020019582
  • Knell , 1974, Galileo. ISBN 2718600152
  • the truth in painting , 1978 Fields Flammarion
  • Heidegger and the question, 1990, Flammarion. ISBN 2080812351 (See Martin Heidegger).
  • Of the spirit, 1990, Galileo. ISBN 2718603232
  • Of the right to philosophy , 1990, Galileo. ISBN 2718603828
  • To give death, 1992, Galileo. ISBN 2718605146
  • Passions , 1993, Galileo. ISBN 2718604212
  • Spectra of Marx , 1993, Galileo. ISBN 2718604298 (See Karl Marx).
  • Political of the friendship , 1994, Galileo. ISBN 2718604387
  • Aporias , 1996, Galileo. ISBN 2718604611
  • Resistances of the psychoanalysis , 1996, Galileo. ISBN 2718604697
  • monolinguism of the other , 1996, Galileo.
  • Good-bye in Emmanuel Lévinas , 1997, Galileo. ISBN 2718604859 (See Emmanuel Lévinas).
  • Cosmopolitan of all the countries still an effort , 1997, Galileo. ISBN 2718604840
  • Marx concerned (with Marc Guillaume), 1997, Descartes & Co. ISBN 2910301842
  • Of hospitality (with Anne Dufourmantelle), 1997, Calmann-Levy. ISBN 2702127959
  • Residence, Maurice Blanchot , 1998, Galileo. ISBN 2718604972. See Maurice Blanchot.
  • Veils (with Helene Cixous), 1998, Galileo. ISBN 2718605049
  • Memory of blind man , 1999, Meeting of the national museums.
  • Fire ash , 1999, Editions of the women. ISBN 2721004808
  • On words , 1999, Editions of the Paddle, transcriptions of several talks given on France Culture.
  • the concept of September 11th , dialogs with New York with Giovanna Borradori, Jacques Derrida and Jürgen Habermas, 2002
  • Beyond appearances conversations with Antoine Spire, ED. The Edge Of water, 2002
  • " Artaud the moma" , Galileo, 2002.
  • Of what tomorrow… , talks with Jacques Derrida and Elisabeth Roudinesco, 2003
  • Borders , Editions the Screen.
  • Voyous , Galileo, 2003.
  • the animal that thus I suis" , Galileo, 2006 (posthumous).

Conferences around Jacques Derrida

  • the Ethics of the gift. Jacques Derrida and the thought of the gift , (Royaumont 1990), under the direction of Jean-Michel Rabaté and Michael Wetzel, Métailié-Transition, 1992.
  • the crossing of frontiers - around the work of Jacques Derrida , (Cerisy-the-Room, 1992), under the direction of Marie-Louise Mallet, Galileo, 1994.
  • the autobiographical Animal - around Jacques Derrida , (Cerisy-the-Room, 1997), under the direction of Marie-Louise Mallet, Galileo, 1999.
  • Judéités - questions for Jacques Derrida , (Paris, 2000), under the direction of Joseph Cohen and Raphael Zagury-Orly, Galileo, 2003.
  • Ghostly Demarcations. With Symposium one Jacques Derrida' S Specters off Marx (New York, 1998), under the direction of Michael Sprinker, Editions Back, 1999.
  • the democracy to come - around Jacques Derrida , (Cerisy-the-Room, 2002), under the direction of Marie-Louise Mallet, Galileo, 2004.
" Derrida, the tradition of the philosophie" , Conference of October 2005 organized by Jean-François Courtine, Francis Wolf and Frederic Worms. With interventions of Francoise Dastur, Rudolph Bernet, Stephan Moses, Patrice Loraux, Denis Kambouchner, Jean-Luc Marion, Marc Seersucker, Pierre Macherey, Jean-Luc Nancy, Alain Badiou and Etienne Balibar.

Films

Jacques Derrida made appearances in two films:

Two films are devoted to him:

  • Besides Derrida of Safaa Fathy, in 2000
  • Derrida of Kirby Dick and Amy Ziering Kofman, in 2002

A film took as a starting point its philosophy:

Tests on Jacques Derrida

  • Geoffrey Bennington and Jacques Derrida, Jacques Derrida , Threshold, 1991.
  • Marc Goldschmit, Jacques Derrida, an introduction , Pocket, 2003.
  • Gregoire Biyogo, the Good-bye with Derrida , Paris, Harmattan
  • Manola Antonioli, Alphabetical of Jacques Derrida , Sils Maria, 2007 (ISBN: 2-930242-56-6).
  • Marc Goldschmit, " A language to come. Derrida, the writing hyperbolique" , Line-Proclamations, 2006.
  • François Nault, '' Derrida and theology. To say God after the déconstruction '', Paris, Stag, 2000.

External bonds

You will find many English bonds on.

  • Site Jacques Derrida

  • Synthesis: Writing and Structure
  • a series of work of Derrida
  • a personal site on Jacques Derrida
  • Site on Jacques Derrida and the art, organized in the form of articulated proposals
  • Schibboleth for Paul Celan as well as a testimony of Michele Katz
  • the review Surfaces published Geoffrey Bennington and Jacques Derrida, by Michel Peterson
  • the review Regards (September 1997) in Creation Jacques Derrida evokes Artaud, discussion with Pierre Barbancey
  • Le Monde: '' Others is secret because it is different '', remarks collected by Antoine Spire
  • Sokal and Bricmont is not serious, answer published in the World to Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont
  • a series of articles on Jacques Derrida is available on the Republic of the Letters .
  • '' duties of our “community” '', text established according to a made communication September 28th and 29th 1994 in Lisbon, the International Parliament of the Writers.
  • Declaration of Jacques Derrida in October 2000, with the conference: “October 17th and 18th 1961: Algerian massacres on ordinance? ”
  • '' Jacques Derrida: the " can-être" of an arrival of the other-woman. The déconstruction of the phallogocentrism of the duel to the duet '', Carole Dely, re-examined Public Direction .
  • '' Beyond appearances '' (with Antoine Spire) with the editions the edge of water
  • a comment of Bertrand Méheust on the article " Télépathie" of Derrida, 1983 Alphabetical
  • of Jacques Derrida, Editions Sils Maria
  • " Derrida, the tradition of the philosophie" , Conference of October 2005.
  • " The antione: Me, Algérien" of Jacques Derrid

See too

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