Albert Gallatin
Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin (January 29th 1761 - August 12th 1849) was a politician and diplomatic American, secretary with the Treasury of 1801 to 1813, and founder of the Université of New York in 1831.
Born with Geneva in a rich family he emigrated in 1780 with the Massachusetts. For a short period it tried to launch out in the businesses, and more briefly still, it taught the French with Harvard. It bought finally grounds in Pennsylvania and settled there in 1784. (Its grounds in fact were located in Virginia when it bought them but were attached shortly after to Pennsylvania.)
Very quickly it took part in the political life of Pennsylvania; he was member of the constitutional convention of the State in 1789, and was elected with the legislature of Pennsylvania in 1790. Elected official then with the Senate of the United States in 1793, his election was cancelled, whereas it had already prété oath, because it did not have the necessary qualifications: the constitution requires that the senators be American citizens since at least 9 years. In 1795, it entered to Chambre of the representatives, where it was elected three consecutive times, in the fourth, fifth and sixth Congress. Become the chief of majority, it made pressure on the Secretary with the Treasury Oliver Wolcott to impose a responsible budget policy. It contributed to found the committee of finances of the Room (become later the Committee of ways and means, Ways and Means ) and used the budgetary weapon, refusing to vote the appropriations for the policies of the executive to which it was opposed.
Among these last the Quasi-War (quasi war) was, naval countryside against the Corsaire S French, to which he was opposed highly. Its refusal to vote the appropriations for the navy for this period was worth an extreme animosity on behalf of the federalistic to him, which showed it to be a French spy. Thomas Jefferson thought that the laws on the foreigners and sedition ( Alien and Sedition Acts ) had been voted mainly to prevent Gallatin from continuing its policy. When Jefferson became president in 1801, it named Gallatin at the post of Secretary to the Treasury. There remained thirteen years there (the longest exercise of the function in all the history). During the first part of its mandate, it achieved great progress to balance the federal budget. The purchase of the territory of Louisiana mainly had with its efforts to be carried out without increase of taxation. Gallatin was also implied, in the organization of the Expédition Lewis and Clark, which explored the west of the country. It is him which delimited the sector to be explored.
Later the cost of the Guerre of 1812 against the Great Britain erased most of its efforts of Gallatin for the balance of the budget. the president Madison sent it in 1813 like the representative of the United States to the peace negotiations organized by the Russia, that Great Britain refused finally, preferring direct negotiations. Gallatin resigned of its post of Secretary to the Treasury to direct the United-States delegation which negotiated the Traité of fine Ghent putting at the war.
At the end of the war, Gallatin, preferring to remain in France, was named minister ambassador of the United States in this country and remained in station during seven years. It returned to America in 1823 and was chosen by the Parti democrat-republican like candidate with the vice-presidency, but Martin Van Buren dissuaded it to accept. It returned at his place to Pennsylvania, until 1826.
The president John Quincy Adams appointed then it minister in Great Britain, where it remained until 1827. On its return, it was established with New York. It founded the Université of New York (NYU) in 1831. There, Gallatin launched out in the ethnology of the Amerindian S, publishing a treaty on the subject in 1836 and melting the American ethnological Company in 1842. He was also president of the federal Bank (which later was renamed “banks Gallatin”). Gallatin died in Astoria, on Long Island. It is buried with the cemetery of the Trinity in New York.
Its portrait appeared in the recto of the tickets of 500 dollars printed in 1862-3, and on the ordinary stamp 1 hundred ¼ between 1967 and 1973.
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