Alan García

Youths

Alan Gabriel García Perez is resulting from a family of middle-class, closely related to the American revolutionary popular Alliance. It makes its secondary studies in Colegio Nacional Jose María Eguren of the district of Barranco.

His/her father, Carlos García Ronceros is secretary of the organization of the party during the government of the general Manuel A. Odría which had made prohibit American revolutionary popular Alliance in 1948. He is imprisoned and will know his/her son later only five years. Still schoolboy, Alan García between in Federación Aprista Juvenil (Youths aprists) and receive his booklet of militant at the 17 years age.

It continues its higher learning with the Catholic Université of Peru then obtains its license in Droit of the Université San Marcos in 1971. Eager to supplement its formation, it leaves for the Europe, attending the courses of the Université Complutense with Madrid. It finishes its thesis of constitutional Law there compared, which enables him to obtain a doctorate in Political sciences. In 1973, it is registered with the Université of Paris, where it obtains a license of Sociologie.

In 1978, after several last years with Paris, the founder of American revolutionary popular Alliance, Víctor Raúl Haya of Torre request in García to turn over in policy and to return to Peru when the government Bermúdez creates the conditions of the restoration of a civil government and allows the reorganization of the other political parties.

The general elections of 1980 see the victory of Fernando Belaúnde Terry, American revolutionary popular Alliance is second but does not take part in the government.

Alan Garcia is candidate for American revolutionary popular Alliance with the general elections of 1985. He is elected the April 14th president with 45% of the voices. According to the Constitution, one needs 50% of the voices to pass to the first turn. But the made candidate second, Alfonso Barring Lingán, gives up taking part in the second turn and García is declared victorious on June 1st.

At only 36 years, he becomes the first president aprist 60 years after the foundation of his party.

President of the Republic (1985-1990)

García takes up duty the July 28th 1985, having the support of the people which it allured by his youth, its great talents of speaker and its apparent radicalism.

The management of García is discussed, because so in the first years the government made watch of a vitality and of an authority unknown factors hitherto in the country, its results, mainly in economy, were severely criticized. The economic crisis of the time is regarded by most of the population as most serious that the country ever knew.

Economic difficulties

The economic policy of García includes/understands a drastic control of foreign exchange rate associated with a surémission with currency. The ground, Peruvian currency, is devaluated and replaced by the Inti at mid the 1985 at a rate of Inti for 1000 plates. The Peruvian government rejects the recommendations of the Fonds international currency and limit the refunding of the foreign debt to 10% of the incomes of exports of the country. This decision delays refunding of it and is worth in Peru to be declared ineligible by the IMF in August 1986. The rise of the low wages, the fall of the rate of inflation and the strong growth of the economy initially carry the adhesion of the population and American revolutionary popular Alliance gains high the hand the municipal elections in November. But starting from 1987, the disappointments accumulate with the exhaustion of the financial resources of the state.

In July, the government announces the Nationalization sectors of the bank and insurance in order to keep under control inflation, but this attempt enlise following the seizure of the courts by the dispossessed shareholders. The country enters in recession in 1988 in spite of the attempts at stabilization.

Peru suffers from an inflation of 120% in 1987, 1722% in 1988, 2776% in 1989, and which reaches 7649% in 1990. Between July 1985 and July 1990, cumulated inflation reached 2.200 200% and the reserves are negative of 900 million dollars at the end of the mandate of Garcia.

According to studies of INEI and UNDP, 41.6% of the Peruvians were poor at the beginning of the mandate of Garcia. This percentage passed to 55% in 1991.

Terrorism

The other problem which destabilizes the government of García is the terrorist activity which began under the preceding government from Fernando Belaúnde Terry but which knows its paroxysm of violence in 1986 and 1988, nourished by the social strains generated by the economic difficulties. The luminous Path, a violent movement of inspiration Maoist, started by attacking villages of mountain then the big cities, in particular of the electric factories, causing many cuts of electricity in Lima which until there saw only one conflict confined in the Andes. The García government seeks without success a military solution with terrorism, with like corollary of the violations of the human rights. One can quote the massacre of Accomarca in August 1985 when 47 Paysan S are assassinated by the Peruvian army, the massacre of Cayara in May 1988 in which 30 people approximately are killed and of tens of others disappear. It there also summary execution of more than 200 prisoners at the time of mutinies in the prisons of Lurigancho, San Juan Bautista, (El Frontón) and Santa Bárbara in 1986 with Lima, while at the same moment a congress is held of the Internationale Socialist. President Garcia gave the order to attack but he will not assume the disastrous consequences of this attack.

An official investigation estimates at 1.600 the number of the Personnes missing during the presidency from García.

Achievements

With the credit of the government aprist, there were however important achievements of which:

completion in 1988 of the hydroelectric station Charcani V (Arequipa)
continuation of the project of irrigation Chavimochic
the startup in February 1988 of the tank Gallito Ciego (Libertad)

On the other hand, the project of electric train started in 1986 in Lima remains unfinished in spite of several million dollars of investments.

Political defeat of 1990

Economic instability and terrorism cause the dissatisfaction with the population and the Peruvian general elections of 1990 see the victory of Alberto Fujimori. García, after having given the presidential scarf to the president of the Congress, as the official Protocole envisages it, leaves the Hémicycle Congress and does not attend the first speech of its successor.

Political career after the 1st presidency

In 1991, it is judged for a constitutional charge of illicit enrichment which was classified without continuation in February 1992.

In 1992, it is named general secretary of the American revolutionary popular Alliance.

Exile

After the Autogolpe of Fujimori, during which the soldiers take by storm his house, García requires the political asylum of the Colombia the April 5th 1992. Thereafter, García settles in France. He is filmed besides at the Stage France during the Football world cup in 1998, causing the indignation of many Peruvians.

Presidential campaign of 2001

García does not go back to Peru before 2001. It is the object of complaints as for its responsibility in the executions in the prisons at the time of the mutiny of 1986. But no lawsuit takes place and the regulation occurs in 2000.

He is again candidate with the presidency with the elections of 2001, and loses only with the second tower vis-a-vis Alejandro Toledo. As a leader of Peruvian the Apriste Party, it is with the head of the opposition to the Congrès.

Presidential campaign of 2006

The February 18th 2005, to Lima, García officially launched its countryside for the general elections of 2006. Arrived at the first turn of accuracy in front of Heavy Flora Nano, he is candidate with the second tower vis-a-vis Ollanta Humala and gains the poll with 55% of the votes cast (after 77% of the counted bulletins) thanks to a better carryforward of the voices. But its party has only 36 seats with the Congress on 120.

References

See too

List of the current leaders

External bonds

Official site of American revolutionary popular Alliance
Site of the president of American revolutionary popular Alliance
Biography on the site of Foundation CIDOB in Barcelona (Spain)
Decisions and achievements of government aprist of 1985-1990
El Comercio, 18 of febrero of 2005 - On the massacre of Accomarca
Alan Garcia nunca farmhouse… No farmhouse. Site criticizes on the presidency of Alan Garcia.
the presidency of Alan García, article criticizes
" Exiled Garcia back in Peru" (BBC, January 28th, 2001)
cverdad.org Commission Report of the Truth and the Reconciliation
Le Monde of June 6th, 2006
Article criticizes about Alan Garcia in cosmopolis.ch

Publications

Alan García is the author of several works on Peru and the Latin America whose majority are consultable with the National library of Peru.

With the inmensa mayoría: discursos (1988)
El futuro different (1989)
El disarms financiero: pueblo there deuda in América Latina (1989)
the revolución regional (1990)
the defensa of Alan García (1991)
El nuevo totalitarismo (1992)
El mundo of Machiavello (1994)
the falsa modernidad (1997)
Siete tesis erróneas LED neoliberalismo in América Latina (1997)
Semi Gobierno hizo the regionalización (1999)
the infamous década: deuda externa 1990-1999 (2000)
Modernidad there política in el siglo XXI: globalización social idiot justicia (2003)

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