Al-Malik Al-Kâmil Nâsîr AD-DIN “Perfect” (the 1180 - 1238) viceroy of Egypt under the reign of his/her father Al-Adel then sultan ayyubide of Egypt and Syria of 1218 with 1238.

Biography

He becomes sultan whereas the Fifth crusade besieges Damiette. Al-Kamel comes from to contain the crusaders and to prevent to them from completing to encircle Damiette, in their inflicting severe losses. But the death of Al-Adel involves an coup attempt of State to the Cairo, where many emirs benefit from the Al-Kamel distance to try to install one of his/her brothers on the throne. Al-Kamel must raise its camp and go up towards the capital to restore the order. The Francs can encircle Damiette.

In 1219, it receives the reinforcements his/her brother Al-Moazzam, run of Damas, but must make peace proposals. It is ready to deliver to the Francs Jerusalem if they agree to leave Egypt. The Francs, in strong position, refuse to negotiate. In October, Al-Kamel proposes to them the whole of the Palestine in the east of the the Jordan, with precedes the true cross of them. Jean de Brienne and the Francs of Syria are ready to accept, but the Spanish cardinal Pélage, named by the pope with the head of forwarding, in favor of the holy war with excess, refuses to treat with Buckwheats. It orders the attack on Damiette, which does not oppose any resistance. Decided to go on Cairo, it awaits the imminent arrival of Frederic II of Hohenstaufen. Al-Kamel prepares with the war, calling all its allies with the assistance. In 1219, it meets holy François d' Assise.

Al-Kamel makes arm a fleet in the west with the delta, not far from Alexandria, which during the summer 1220, crushes the Occidentaux vessels with broad of Cyprus. Al-Kamel renews its peace overtures at Pélage, which refuses, always awaiting the arrival of Frederic II. This one will arrive in fact only eight years later.

The Franque army leaves Damiette in July 1221 and goes towards Cairo. In the Egyptian capital, the soldiers must use the force to prevent the population from fleeing. Al-Kamel with receipt of reinforcements of its brothers, Al-Archaf, which with the troops of the Djézireh, joined him to prevent the invaders from reaching Cairo and Al-Moazzam, which moves with its Syrian army towards north, interposing between the enemy and Damiette. The rising of the Nile makes the grounds so muddy, that mid-August the Francs must withdraw their army. The August 26th, the dams are demolished, and the franque army is found enlized. Two days later, Pélage must claim peace: the Francs must evacuate Damiette and sign a eight years truce. Their army will be able to take again the sea without being worried.

Frederic II wife Isabelle, the girl of Jean de Brienne, and becomes thus king of Jerusalem (1225). Al-Kamel sends to him an embassy with Palermo, directed by the emir Fakhreddin Ibn ach-Sheik. Fakhreddin becomes the friend of the emperor, large admiror of Moslem civilization. The bonds are tightened between the sultan of Cairo and Frederic. Al-Kamel proposes with the emperor to come in the East to occupy the Palestine and Jerusalem. He sees of an good eye creation of a Buffer state between Egypt and Syria which belongs to his/her brother Al-Moazzam, with which he has just scrambled himself. Frederic II, which does not trouble about religion, thinks on his side that the catch of Jerusalem would reinforce its position in its fight against the pope, who has just excommunicated him to have delayed his forwarding in the East.

Al-Moazzam dies in November 1227. It leaves Damas with his son Year-Nasir Dâ' ûd, an young man without experiment. Al-Kamel can from now on think of seizing Damas and Palestine, and does not need more Frederic II to create one Being plug between Egypt and Syria.

In September 1228, Frederic II unloads with Acre with only three thousand men. It is convinced to seize Jerusalem with the assistance of its ally Al-Kamel. The political situation changed with the death of Al-Moazzam, but Al-Kamel, was committed delivering the city to him. By the embassy of Kakhreddin, the two parts arrive at an agreement. After a show of war to save the face near the Moslems, Frederic II obtains Jerusalem, a corridor connecting it to the coast, like Bethlehem, Nazareth, the surroundings of Saïda and the fortress of Tibnin, in the east of Tyr. The Moslems keep a presence in the Holy City in the sector of the ach-Charif Haram, where their principal sanctuaries are grouped. The treaty is signed the February 18th 1229. The emperor Frederic II enters to Jerusalem one month later. The Muslim world reacts so that he regards as a treason on behalf of Al-Kamel.

Al-Kamel besieges its nephew Year-Nasir Dâ' ûd in Damas. The city is taken in June 1229. Year-Nasir settles in the fortress of Kerak, in the east of the Jordan, from where it will carry out resistance.

Died of Al-Kamel in 1238, his/her son Al `Adil Sayf AD-DIN succeeds to him in Egypt. It is deposited in 1240 by officers Turkish who call his brother Al-Salih Ayyoub with the capacity. This one employs the Mamelouks to form his personal guard.

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