Al-Biruni

Abu Raihan Al-Biruni (also Alberuni ; Arab: أبوالريحانالبيروني; Persan: ابوریحانبیرونی) (born the September 15th 973 - died the December 13rd 1048) was a Persan Mathématicien (more precisely, inhabitant of Tajik), a Astronome, a Physicien, a scholar, a Encyclopédiste, a Philosophe, a Astrologue, a traveller, a Historien, a Pharmacologue and a Précepteur, originating in the Perse and Central Asia, which contributed largely to the fields of the Mathématiques, Philosophie, Médecine and of the Science S.

It was born in a suburb from Kath, with the Khwarezm, pertaining to the Perse for centuries and currently in Ouzbékistan, close to current the Ourguentch. Its name comes from the Persan birun : outside, suburb (of Kath). Its village was famous Beruni according to him. He studied the Mathématiques and the Astronomie under Abu Nasr Mansur.

He was a colleague of the philosopher and doctor Ibn Sina, the historian, philosopher and ethicist Ibn Miskawayh, in a university and an establishment of science established by prince Abu Al Abbas Ma' mun Khawarazmshah. He also travelled in India with Mahmûd de Ghaznî and accompanied it in its countryside, learning the language, and studying their religion and their philosophy, he wrote a book on his discoveries. He knew also the Greek , and probably the Syriaque and the Berbère. He wrote his books in Persan (its native language) and in Arab.

Achievements

Some of its notable performances:

With old 17 years, it calculated the Latitude of Kath, with the Khwarezm, using the maximum altitude of the Sun.
At 22 years, it wrote several short works, including a study on the projections of charts, “Cartographie”, which includes a Méthodologie to project a Hémisphère on a plan.
At 27 years, it wrote a book called “Chronologie” which refers to another work that it supplemented (now lost) which included several works of which a book in connection with the Astrolabe, one in connection with the Decimal system, four in connection with Astrologie, and two in connection with the Histoire.
It calculated the ray Ground to 6 339,6 km (this result was used in Occident at the 16th century).

Work

Al-Biruni work amounts to 120.

Its contributions to the Mathématiques include:

the Arithmetic theoretical and practical
the summation of the series
the combinative Analysis
the Rule of three
the irrational numbers
the theory of the reports/ratios
algebraic definitions
a method to solve the algebraic equations
the Geometry
theorems of Archimedes
the Trisection of the angle

Its work not-mathematics includes:

Study of the ideas of India, which they in conformity with the reason or are rejected by this one (in Arabic تحقيقماللهندمنمقولةمعقولةفيالعقلأممرذولة) - a compendium of the religion and philosophy of India. (Also called Book of India .)
remaining signs of the last centuries (in Arabic الآثارالباقيةعنالقرونالخالية) - a comparative study of the calendars of the various cultures and civilizations, mélées with mathematical, astronomical, and historical information. (Also called Chronology .)
the gun Mas' udi (in Arabic القانونالمسعودي) - a book in connection with astronomy, the geography and engineering, in the honor of Mas' ud, wire of Mahmud de Ghazni, with which it is dedicated
Comprendre astrology (in Arabic التفهيملصناعةالتنجيم) - a book in style question and answer in connection with mathematics and of astronomy, in Arabic and Persian
Pharmacologie - in connection with drugs and of the drugs
Gemmes (in Arabic الجماهرفيمعرفةالجواهر) in connection with geology, minerals, and of the gems, dedicated in Mawdud wire of Mas' ud

URL: " Gemmes" in English, free complete in line

Astrolabe
a historical book of summary
a history of Mahmud de Ghazni and his/her father
a history of Khawarazm

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