Airport
A airport is the whole of the buildings and the installations of a Aérodrome which are used for the air traffic of a city or an area. These buildings and installations are designed so that Avion S can take off and land, that the Fret and the Passager S can embark and unload.
The airports are generally located near an important agglomeration, while being served by fast road links (way express, Autoroute) and public transport.
An airport can as comprise a Héliport for the reception of the helicopters, as it is for passengers or internal services with the airport.
General organization
Tracks
See also: Track (airport)
The tracks of an airport are built into hard, in general the coating is out of bitumen or composed of plates of Béton. They are bordered of luminous beacons to be easily locatable of night, or when the weather conditions are bad (rain, fog), and for a visual help with the landing (Papi). Moreover, the installation includes/understands a system of beacons radio for the apparatuses of automatic location integrated in particular in the airliners (THEY).
The majority of the tracks are used at the same time with the landing and takeoff. This supposes an organization and a synchronization without fault of the movements of planes.
When the airport accommodates an important traffic, it is current to build the tracks by group of two parallel tracks, in order to separate the movements takeoff from the movements of landing. One can thus have tracks accommodating each one a movement per minute and half, sometimes a little more by holding account of the period to dissipate most of the turbulence of wake.
The tracks are normally directed in the direction of the dominant Vent S, so as to make benefit the planes from the airstreams, which will facilitate takeoff and will improve braking at the time of the landing, the planes being always presented vis-a-vis the wind.
The largest airports and those for which there is no wind prevailing not marked or for which there are two great types of dominant winds can have several tracks or groups of tracks, each one directed in a different way. When there are two axes, it can be perpendicular if no orientation of wind prevailing is marked, so as to always find an orientation favorable about vis-a-vis the wind. If two great types of dominant winds are identified, the orientations of the tracks will mark the angle between these orientations of dominant winds. Exceptionally, one can find airports or three orientations of tracks coexist, with an angle of 60 degrees between them.
If the airport comprises several tracks or groups of tracks, the tracks of a given orientation often cross the other tracks, in order to reduce the total influence of the unit. This does not pose a particular problem, since only one orientation of track is used and announced to a given moment.
The tracks are identified by a number of two digits indicating their orientation of ten degrees at the time of the movement of the aircraft. For that, one graduates the orientation of the track by 10 and one rounds the result with the unit nearest (ex: a directed track with 124°. 124/10=12,4 rounded with 12. The number of track is 12). If the airport has parallel tracks, those are distinguished by the letters L (for Left, left) and R (for Right, right-hand side). Example: track 12L.
The tracks are connected between them by lanes of various natures: ways reserved for the planes on the one hand, other ways reserved for the vehicles of service and help (firemen). When the airport is of a dimension such as the course between the tracks and the carpark requires to follow a precise way, a special vehicle (known as a taxi or follow-me ) comes to precede the plane to guide it.
Parking spaces (tarmacs)
See also: Tarmac
The tarmac are the parts of the airport where the planes are parked, which it either for the transshipment of the passengers and freight, or for maintenance.
The airline companies are invoiced by the airports according to the time spent by their planes on the section of carpark which is allotted to them. This, in addition to the cost price of the plane itself and the crew, encourages the companies to minimize to the maximum the downtime of the apparatus on the ground. This is why, at the time of a stopover where the passengers leave the plane, all is made so that the immobilized plane is given in a position to set out again as quickly as possible: the pilots prepare to them Check-list takeoff, the teams of cleaning toilettent the Cabine, the full one with Kérosène is made…
The carpark is also designed to facilitate these operations: in particular, on the majority of the large airports, a network of underground drains makes it possible to convey the fuel of the planes directly to the foot of those. A truck then ensures the connection between the point of supply nearest and the plane.
The carparks intended for the parking of the planes for the operations of transshipment are naturally in contact with the air terminal. Most of the time, a system of telescopic and directional footbridges makes it possible to the passengers to reach directly the doors of the cabin since the air terminal, without having to go down on the carpark. Exceptionally, when the closest carparks are saturated, the passengers forward to the plane by bus or minibus. They get into the plane by a mobile staircase.
The carparks intended for the maintenance actions of the planes (technical inspection, maintenance) are rather located at the accesses of the Hangar S, in a part far away from the air terminal.
Certain airports are equipped with footbridges intended for the rise of the passengers on board of the planes. These footbridges are connected door of loading to the main entrance of the apparatus.
Lanes
See also: Lane
The lanes are delimited ways which make it possible the apparatuses to move on the Tarmac, the carparks and the track S. They are also built in Bitume or are composed of plates of Béton and are locatable by a yellow indication. A yellow band delimits the center of the way, a double yellow band delimits the edges of them. The indication is done by means of beacons of blue color.
The tower of control
The control tower is the most visible body of all the chain dedicated to the air Contrôle. It is from it that the “controllers of the sky” operate to guide the planes in the phases of the flight related to the overflight of the airport: instructions for the final stages of approach and delivery of the authorization to land, delivery of the authorization of takeoff and instructions to join the Air lane defined in the Flight plan of the plane. The tower of control is placed so as to provide to visually follow the evolutions of the planes on the lanes and the tracks. It is it which manages, according to the weather conditions, the choice of the tracks to be used and the activation of the luminous beaconing on the ground.
The air terminal
The air terminal is the whole of the building S by which the passengers and their Bagage S forward, where are also located: counters of the airline companies, administrative services of the airport, customs authorities as well as the security services. According to the size of the air terminal, one can find a zone of taken the tax off sale also there (Duty-free), bars and Restaurant S.The air passenger who enters an air terminal to take the plane there must proceed at several stages before being able to embark. It first of all should buy its Billet with the counter of an airline company if it did not already do it. Then, it is necessary for him to be recorded and deposit its luggage for their setting in Soute. The weather can then have patience in Waiting room or be shopping in the retail park. It must pass controls of safety to reach the departure lounge before going up on board apparatus.
When the flight is an international flight, in addition to the recording and control of safety, the passenger must pass by a transborder filter (control emigration by the Police force of the Air and the Borders) and possibly the Douane.
To his unloading, the passenger must go to recover his luggage of compartment. If the flight is international, it undergoes a control immigration before reaching in room of delivery of the luggage, then passes by the Douane of the country of arrival.
Freight and luggage
The excess luggage precisely, more than thoughtlessness or the ill will, is the main cause of the bomb scares with the abandoned parcels. “Their cost not anticipated and often of bimbelotery as gifts for wide family encourages certain travellers to on the spot leave part of their business”
Ancillary services
Safety
safety aims at avoiding the involuntary accidents likely to cause injuries with the goods and the people (to note that the English term correspondent is safety. Security which means safety is a false friend). It is a paramount concern with regard to the airports. This is why several systems and methods were conceived.
Safety
Safety aims at avoiding the voluntary actions likely to cause injuries with the goods and the people (to note that the English term corresponding - security - is a false friend). Measurements of safety are particularly important in the airports.
Firemen
- ''' SA ''' - professional Firemen of the International airport of Geneva
See the article Fireman.
List airports
- See article List of the airports
See too
External bonds
- See a detailed diagram of an airport
- Airports in the European Union
- Airlines in the European Union
- French Airports (previously Union of the Chambers of commerce and the Administrative Establishments of Airports - Uccega)
- French Airports: figures, history, reservation…
- airports in Belgium on Wikinations.be
- Codes AITA of the airports of the world
- Telephone of air lines
- Airports in the European Union (Google Maps)
- Images satellite of more than 4000 airports in the world
- ''' SA ''' - professional Firemen of the International airport of Geneva
Simple: Airport
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