Ainhoa

Ainhoa is a common French, located in the department of the Yrénées-Atlantiques and the area Aquitaine.

Located in the province of the Labourd, Ainhoa belongs to the Basque Country.

Its name Basque is Ainhoa . The name of inhabitant is Ainhoar.

The common one received the label of the Plus beautiful villages of France, decreed by an independent association aiming at promoting the tourist assets of small rich French communes of an inheritance of quality.

Geography

Situation

Ainhoa and Sare, jointly with the two Spanish communes of Zugarramurdi and Urdax, compose a transborder territory, called Xareta . With horse on the border with Spain, it is a passage impossible to circumvent of the Chemin of Saint-Jacob (Voie of Baztan), which starts from Bayonne to Pampelune.
Ainhoa is frontier with Spain with the Dancharia district reaching the district Dantxarinea d' Urdax.

Access

The commune is located on both sides secondary road D20 which connects Espelette to the Spanish border.

Hydrography

The grounds of the commune are sprinkled by the Nivelle, and its affluents, Larreko Erreka (and by the tributaries of this one, Haitzaberriko erreka, Erdiko erreka and Farendeiko erreka), Opalazioko erreka and Regata Barreta.

Localities and hamlets

Dancharia
Gastelugain. This toponym attests the old presence of a gaztelu ( castellum ).

Communes bordering

Souraïde in north
Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle in the west
Espelette and Itxassou in the east.

Toponymy

The toponym Ainhoa appears in the forms Nostre-Gives of Ainhoe (1511, titles of the Holy-Claire abbey of Bayonne), Anhoue (1684, collations of the diocese of Bayonne), Mendiarte (1793) and Ainhoue or Ainhoa (1863, topographic dictionary Basque Béarn-Country).

History

; XIIIe century Paul Raymond note which the cure of Ainhoa was with the presentation of the abbot of Urdax (Spain) . The vicariate of Ainhoa was created by the priory Prémontré of Urdax, founded in XIIIe siècle.
After one period of fight between the England and the Navarre, the field of the parish of Ainhoa became an undivided territory between the two kingdoms.

; XVIIe century Ainhoa was destroyed during the Guerre Thirty Year old (1618-1648) then rebuilt.

; XVIIIe century In 1724, following the revolts of Saint-Jean-the-Old man (1685), Mouguerre and Saint-Pierre-with Irube (1696), the population of Ainhoa revolted against the gabelle , revolt of opposition to the new taxes, heralding those which raised almost all the Labourd in 1726 (against the tax known as of the 50e ), Bayonne and Saint-Jean-Foot-of-Port in 1748.

The law of March 4th, 1790, which determined a new administrative landscape of France by creating departments and districts, decided birth of the department of the the Low-Pyrenees by joining together the Béarn, the Gascon grounds of Bayonne and Bidache, and the three French Basque provinces. For these last, three districts were created: Mauléon, Saint-Palate and Ustaritz, which replaced the baillage Labourd. By abuse of power of the local leaders, the head office of Ustaritz was transferred almost immediately to Bayonne. Its Directory encouraged a great number of municipalities to adopt new names in conformity with the spirit of the Revolution. Thus Ainhoa was called Mendiarte, Ustaritz became Marat-on-Nive, Itxassou Union, Arbonne Constante, Saint-Etienne-with-Baïgorry Thermopyles, Saint-Palate Mount-Bidouze, Louhossoa Mountain-on-Nive, Saint-Jean-Foot-of-Port Nive-Frank, Saint-Jean-with-Luz Chauvinistic-Dragon, of the name of a young dead soldier to the combat and Souraïde Mendialde.

In 1794, with most extremely of the Terror, and following the desertion from forty seven young people of Itxassou, the Committee of Public Hello made adopt and off-set in the Landes and the Ger, the totality of the inhabitants (men, women and children) of Ainhoa, Ascain, Espelette, Itxassou, Sare and Souraïde, issued, like the other common close relations of the Spanish border, common infamous .

Administration

Intercommunality

Ainhoa belongs to eight inter-commune structures:

Communauté of communes of the South Pays Basque
SIVU Errebi
Intercommunity association Biek-Beats
Nive Intercommunity association - Bubble
Mixed trade-union Bizi Garbia
Syndicat for the support for the Basque culture
Syndicat AEP Nive - Bubble
departmental Syndicat of electrification.

Demography

2004: provisional population of INSEE.

Economy

The iron layer was exploited until the XIXe century. Its initial exploitation is allotted to the Prémontré S of Saint-Saver of Urdax.
The weaving of the flax (tisserands) and the wool (duranguiers) persisted in Ainhoa, where just like with Hasparren it represented an important activity, until the advent of textile industry to the XIXe siècle.
Philippe Veyrin notes in 1975 the existence of a factory of chahako , small in addition to in skin of goat, whether the peasant carries with work or the chasse.
Ainhoa belongs to the zone AOC of production of the Piment of Espelette. The activity is there mainly agricultural and forest (500 ha of forests on a surface of 1 619 ha).
A career is always in activity on the territory of the commune.

Culture and inheritance

Civil inheritance

The village is organized in country house, concealing houses labourdines XVIIe century and a pediment free place which is pressed on the cemetery surrounding the église.
A laundrette (Alhaxurruta fountain), always present between the borough and the district of Dancharia, were noticed by Napoleon III and Eugenie at the time of an excursion on September 23rd, 1858.

Religious heritage

The Notre-Dame church of the Assumption was built in XIIIe siècle.
The vault Our-Lady-with Aubépine (Marie would have appeared there with a young shepherd in a bush of hawthorn or arantza from where the other name of the vault Notre-Dame d' Aranzazu ) has a way of cross since 1886, a cave since 1897 and one martyrdom since 1898. At the XVIIIe century, the parish of Ainhoa subsidized the hermit of the vault so that he teaches with reading and writing to the shepherds and to the firm children surrounding, who could not reach the bourg.
easily The cemetery conceals tabular steles discoïdales and of XVIe and XVIIe centuries.

Environmental inheritance

The forest of Ainhoa which is spread out over more than 400 ha, shelters an at the same time wild rich fauna (Chevreuil S, Sanglier S, Lièvre S and migratory birds) and pastoral semi savage (Pottok ak, Bestiso S, goats). It is made up in major part of oaks (Chêne stalk), rustic gasoline, and of vegetable settlements more recent (red Chêne of America and coniferous tree).

Equipment

; teaching The commune has a public elementary school.

Personalities related to the commune

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