Ahmad Ibn Hanbal

Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (rear RTL الإمامأحمدبنحنبل Al-imām aḥmad Ben ḥanbal), born in Baghdad in 780 (Christian era), died into 241/855, is the founder of the one of the four legal universities (Madhhab) sunnites, known under the name of " hanbalite ". It is also at the origin of the foundation of the Islamic school of belief ('aqida), the school Atharite.

Biography

Born from an Arab family having supported Abû Al `Abbas Al-Saffah in her seizure of power against the Omeyyades, Ibn Hanbal is the contemporary of both Caliph S which wanted to impose the Motazilisme. The caliph Al-My `mûn, then in military countryside, the fact of stopping so that it can question it. Al-my `mûn dies before the meeting. Ibn Hanbal is brought back to Baghdad to be questioned there in the name of the new caliph Al-Mutasim. It is released on the condition of ceasing its teaching.

In 847, the caliph Al-Mutawakkil returned to the Tradition by rejecting the Motazilisme, but Ibn Hanbal did not remain about it less not held.

Rigorous doctrines

After having studied under various Masters in Baghdad (it followed there inter alia the lesson of imâm Al-Shâfi' I and Abou Youssouf, itself disciple of Abou Hanîfa) then in Syria and in Yeman, Ibn Hanbal of émancipe gradually to be based a rigorous school of thought appearing to him in conformity with Coran and the Sunna.

One owes him an important collection of traditions, the Musnad , where the ahadîth are classified according to the chain of the transmitters, and according to their authenticity considered as " parfaite" ( sahîh ), good (" hasan ") or " faible" ( da' yew ). Ibn Hanbal also wrote works of comments on the Tradition and the moral principles in Islam, as well as praises of the first caliphs rashidoun , " the good guidés". One must finally with his disciples, of which one of its sons, 'Abd Allâh (death in 903), a compilation of the " réponses" that it gave to the questions which were asked to him on the most various subjects.

The doctrines hanbalite, attached to the strict respect of Coran and the Tradition, are close to the Salafisme. It privileges the letter compared to the spirit of the text. One could characterize it like that of the " worship fanatique" of Sunna. It rejects the temptation of the innovation ( bid' has ), and condemns what it regards as religious and/or political deviations appeared in the history of the caliphate, to start with the kharidjism and all the forms of shi' ism, etc This is why Ibn Hanbal is also opposed to the school sunnite of Abou Hanîfa, which recommends the broad recourse to the free opinion of the judge or the commentator ( ashâb Al-ra' there ), even to the legal subterfuges.

Random links: