Agreements of Oslo

The Accords of Oslo are the result of a whole of discussions held in secrecy, since the Conférence of Madrid of 1991, between Israeli and Palestinian negotiators with Oslo in Norway, to pose the first stones with a resolution of the israélo-Palestinian Conflit.

The Statement of principles , signed with Washington the September 13rd 1993 in the presence of Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli Prime Minister , of Yasser Arafat, President of the executive committee of PLO and Bill Clinton, President of the the United States, founds a mode of negotiations to regulate the problem, and poses a base for 5 years a temporary Palestinian autonomy for to progress towards peace. The sharp handshake between Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin in front of the White House and the President Bill Clinton following the signature of the agreements of Washington makes reappear the hope of the establishment of a durable peace between the two close relation-Eastern entities.

The process of Oslo is supplemented the May 4th 1994, of the Accord of Jéricho-Gaza which invests the news Palestinian National authority of limited capacities. Lastly, the Interim agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip or " Agreement of Taba" , which is signed in Washington the September 28th 1995, envisages the first elections of the Legislative council Palestinian and implies a cutting negotiated of the Palestinian Territoires in zones where controls Israeli and Palestinian apply in a different way, in waiting of the result of the negotiations always in progress.

This attempt at israélo-Palestinian Peace process, largely supported by the international community, will be put in difficulty between 1996 and 1999 following the hardening of the positions on both sides when the crucial topics of the statute of Jerusalem are approached, of the problem of the Palestinian Réfugiés, of the fight against terrorism. The most extreme positions are expressed in the years which follow, at the time of the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin in 1995 and in the multiplication of the attacks carried out by the Palestinian movements Hamas and Islamic Jihad. The process of Oslo could not be started again any more after 2000, with the release of the the Second Intifada.

Historical context

The violence of the the First Intifada, started in 1987 and which continues by the means of Palestinian attacks organized against the Israeli civilians and soldiers, put on the front of the international scene the Palestinian claims but leaves the resolution of the conflict in a dead end.

In addition, the war of the Gulf, during which Israel was bombarded missiles Scud without answering these Iraqi provocations, ends in 1991 and the the United States plan opening of negotiations then multilateral to regulate the whole of the problems of the the Middle East and the the Middle East. George Bush request with her Secretary of State, James Baker, to open these negotiations. They are held with Madrid and Washington but trample.

See also: Conference of Madrid of 1991

In 1992, the government Likoud loses the Israeli legislative elections and Yitzhak Rabin, of the workers party, becomes Prime Minister. Parallel to the negotiations of Madrid, it negotiates with PLO via the Norway.

These secret discussions lead to the agreement on the areas of Jericho and Gaza. The the United States catch up with the movement by organizing the signature of the treaty.

Terms of the agreement

This agreement between in force the October 13rd 1993, is one month after the signature. It is composed of three elements:

  1. a general declaration of principle on the self-government ( self-government ) of the two areas of the Gaza Strip and Jericho (then extended to other towns of the West Bank);
  2. four appendices;
  3. of the explanatory minutes.

  • the car-government on these two areas will be made by the means of a Palestinian temporary authority and of the Council elected (before the July 13rd 1994), and this for 5 years.

  • With the December 13rd at the latest, a israélo-Palestinian committee will meet to determine the conditions and the dates of withdrawal of the Israeli troops in these two areas. It is in April 1994 at the latest, which this withdrawal will have to be operated.

A passage will be envisaged between the two zones. But the roads of Jericho and the Gaza Strip could be freely borrowed by the Israeli civilians and soldiers. Health, education, the social affairs, taxation, tourism and the culture will be transferred to the Palestinians.

The Council, which will be elected, will have to be able on all the Gaza Strip and on the the West Bank except with regard to the military Jewish colonies, sites, the Israelis and Jerusalem.

At the end of three years, the negotiations will start on the final status where the questions of the Palestinian Réfugiés will be tackled, of Jerusalem, the Israeli establishments and the security issues of Israel.

It is also envisaged a israélo-Palestinian co-operation in the economic domains, especially those concerning the division of water.

See too

  • Yossi Beilin (architect of the agreements)

  • Ron Pundak (architect of the agreements)
  • Shimon Peres
  • Yitzhak Rabin
  • Yasser Arafat
  • Bill Clinton
  • Mona Juul

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