Agreement (delivers)

Concept

Female name. Conformity, analogy, correspondence between words or things: the agreement of testimonys . the agreement of the timetables.

In its philological direction, an agreement gives for each word (often presented in the alphabetical order) the whole of the passages of a text (or a whole of texts) the container.

The establishment of an agreement is such a work that only important Corpus caused this kind of investment. There exist thus agreements of the Bible, Coran, or works profane famous authors. The Interpretation and the Midrash often resort to the agreement to look further into the direction of a word or an expression.

Today the appearance of the computers relieves such a company considerably. But it always requires a long work. Indeed an agreement is accompanied by comments, definitions, index or bonds sets of themes which require choices and reflection.

In French a software of assistance to the establishment of an agreement is called a Concordancier.

The translations of the Bible use tables of agreement, to check if the same word, into Hebrew or Greek, is translated or not by the same word into Latin, French, English… For example, is Elohim or YHWH translates by God, Seigneur, Éternel…?

“If the agreement, especially when it is not strictly verbal, offers a vaster panorama and gathers - for very documented words - much more details, the dictionary brings faster information and more critical, where the mass of unorganized texts would leave the disabled reader and would oblige it to try itself a hard synthesis or to release the essential components”.

A little history…

The agreement as instrument of textual work was born at the 13th century. The Greeks of the 2nd front century J.C applied of it already the basic principle, namely the alphabetical organization.

The starting reference in Occident however remains the Latin agreement of the Bible. In the places of formation (monastic schools, University S) the exact direction of each Mot (not only at the literal level, but also allegorical) was of a great importance. It was good then to have a Liste of all the uses of the word - or of part of enter them the whole of the studied text. This text could be a book of the Bible, a Gospel for example. These lists more and more often appeared in the 13th century in the Glose which accompanied the biblical text and bore sometimes the name of concordantia . The quite natural movement was to gather these lists in specialized works. One came from there to supplement these lists, to establish others of them. One obtained thus like a biblical Dictionnaire of Vocabulaire where the various words, presented in alphabetical order, provided each one with its list of the occurrences, were accompanied by quotations characteristic of the possible directions.

But was to give to the work another broadth to do this work for all the words of all the Bible. Thus was born the verbal agreement from the Writing (of Latin verba , word). Let us note that there exist also agreements sets of themes, about which we do not speak here.

The first three known agreements result between 1235 and 1285 from a team of Dominicains grouped around the remarkable france Hugues de Saint-Expensive with the Saint-Jacob convent of Paris, probably for the service of the Masters and the students of this convent. Outlines of the first were re-used in bindings of books of the 15th century, Saint-Jacob convent precisely, which enables us to have an idea of methodology employed. There was initially a stage of recovery of the words, which were annotated for each one of their re-employment. This first work was probably done on independent sheets. Then various collaborators saw themselves allotting part of the alphabet for which they ordered the words and their annotations by books. The assembly of its books gave the final state of the agreement. Two copies of this agreement known as " of Saint-Jacob " are former to 1240. The 23 other copies date from the middle of the 13th century. But all its copies express a very great resemblance. All are of five columns per page, from 46 to 60 lines per column, without ornament, of a size of approximately 30 cm out of 20. This first agreement had little influence apart from the Dominican order. Thereafter, in less than fifty years, the agreements acquired their final forms while adding to the list of the words and their occurrences a short extract of the context, sufficiently short so that final volume remains handy. Remainder, one came from there to make agreements in books ( peciae ) that one could borrow separately from the university. Though expensive, the use of an agreement was spread quickly, mainly seems it to write Sermon S. We have handbooks for Prédicateur S more or less going back to 1340 which suppose the availability of such a tool.

Some examples of agreements

Old Testament, Hebrew text and araméen

S. Mandelkern, atque Veteris Testamenti concordantiae hebraicae chaldaicae , Schocken, Jerusalem-Such-Aviv, 1978 (11th ED.).

Old Testament, text Greek

E. Hatch, H.A. Redpath, has Agreement to the Septuagint , Akademische Druck U, Verlaganstalt, Graz (Austria), 1975,2 vol.

Greek New Testament

W.F. Moulton, A.S. Geden (to dir.), Agreement to the Greek New Will , T.T. & Clarke, Edinburgh, 1957 (3rd ED. = reprinting of 1927).
Sister Jeanne d' Arc (to dir.) Agreement of the Bible. New Testament , Stag-Desclée of Brouwer, Paris, 1970 (Greek words in transcription, an index gives access the Greek starting from the French words).

French Old and New Testament

Agreement of the oecumenical translation of Bible (TOB) , biblical, Paris-Villiers-the-Beautiful French Stag-Company, 1993 (index returning to Hebrew and the Greek). or.

complete Works of W. Shakespeare

Agreement in line proposed by OpenSource Shakespeare

In Wikipédia

Countries of Canaan (Bible)
Philistine (Bible)

To go further

Sources

Rouse Mary A. and Richard H., “the verbal agreement of the Writings”, in: Rich Pierre and of Guy Lobricon (to dir.), Middle Ages and the Bible , coll “Bible of all times” vol. 4, Beauchesne 1984, pp.115-122. One finds there a description of the first three agreements: The agreement of Saint-Jacob , the English agreement , the agreement known as of Mentelin .

Orchard, Jacques, “the interpretation of the University”, in: Rich Pierre and of Guy Lobricon (to dir.), Middle Ages and the Bible , coll “Bible of all times” vol. 4, Beauchesne 1984, pp.199-231. One finds there information in particular on france Hugues de Saint-Expensive.

Bibliography in chronological order

Rouse Mary A. and Richard H., “Biblica distinctiones in thirteenth century”, in Files of Doctrinal and Literary History of the Middle Ages n°41 (1974), pp.27-37

Rouse, Richard H., “diffusion in Occident in XIIIe century of the work tools facilitating the access to the texts autoritatifs”, in Re-examined Islamic studies n°44 (1976), pp.115-147

Rouse, Richard H., “evolution of the attitudes towards the written authority: the development of the instruments of work in XIIIe century”, in Culture and professional work in the medieval Occident , Assessment of the " Conferences of humanism médiéval" (1960 - 1980), G. Hasenohr & J. Longère (to dir.), CNRS 1981, pp.115-144

Battalion, L.J., Guyot, B.G., Rouse, R.H. (to dir.), production of the university book to the Middle Ages. Exemplar and pecia: Acts of the symposium held in Collegio San Bonaventura de Grottaferrata in May 1983 , CNRS 1988.

Rouse Mary A. and Richard H., “Ordinatio and Compilatio Revised” in AD Litteram: Authoritative Texts and Medieval Their Readers , Jordan Mark D., Emery Kent Jr., (to dir.), University off Notre Dame Near, 1992, pp.113-134

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