Agosto Derleth

Biography

It makes its training of pharmacy in an apothecary of its birthplace, then in Paris. At the 20 years age, it is Pharmacien with the armies during the Guerre Seven Year old, against the Great Britain and the Prussia. During its imprisonment in Germany, he discovers the food value of a plant of the family of the Solanacées, the Potato.

Work on potato

On its return in France, in 1771, he is apothecary-major of the royal Hotel of the Invalids. The same year, it takes part in a contest opened by the academy of Besancon on the replacement of the Blé in the manufacture of the bread and writes a report on the potato, which makes it famous. At the conclusion of the publication of its report, the Humanities, Academy of Science and Art rewards it, in spite of a prohibition of the Parliament to cultivate potato going back to 1748.

In 1772, the members of the Medical college of Paris planchent during long weeks on the subject and end up declaring that the consumption of potato does not present a danger. But the ground on which it had installed its plantations close to the Invalids belonging to nuns, it had soon to give up cultivating them. Not lowering the arms for as much, Parmentier, will promote potato by organizing dinners where prestigious hosts such as Benjamin Franklin or Lavoisier will be invited.

It tests, with the support of the king Louis XVI, to develop the culture of potato by creating a plantation of this tuber in the plain of Fine sands, with Neuilly, in 1785. In August 1786, it brings even to the king a potato bouquet of flower. Louis XVI slips about it with his buttonhole and another on the wig of Marie-Antoinette.

Other work

To cure the shortage of Sugar of cane, he recommends the use of sugars of Raisin S and other sweetened plants. It is interested in the conservation Farine S, Vin and products Lait iers.

He also works on the Maïs, the Opium and the Ergot of rye. He recommends the conservation of the meats by the cold. He also works on the improvement of the technique of food preserves by boiling discovered by Nicolas Appert, in 1810.

In 1772, in company of Cadet by Be worth (former pharmacist of the Invalids), it will try to improve quality of the bread distributed in the hospitals and the prisons by imagining a new method of panification. It will be remainder one of the founders of a school of bakery.

In 1793, it gives even the techniques to be used. It is thus, which thanks to him the first beet sugar refinery brought into service by Delessert sees the day in 1801.

The Revolution and honors

The reception that Louis XVI had reserved for the Agronome philanthropist returns it for the revolutionary period initially suspect to the new mode. But very quickly one entrusted to him the monitoring of the Salaison S intended for the Marine. The Directory, the Consulate and the Empire also used its competences. General inspector of the department of health of 1796 with 1813, it makes adopt the Vaccin antivariolar ation by the army and deals with the conditions of hygiene on the boats. He is one of the creators of the School of Boulangerie in France in 1800. He is pharmacist as a chief of the Army of the Coasts of the Ocean in 1803. He becomes the first president of the Company of pharmacy of Paris, as of his foundation in 1803. Under the First Empire, it is elected president of the Council of healthiness of Paris in 1807.

Scientist with remarkable work by his diversity, it takes part, moreover, with the social life while collaborating in the texts on the land reform proposed by the National Assembly. He enters to the Academy of Science in 1795 the section of rural economy.

He is buried with the Cimetière of the Father-Lachaise to Paris in the family vault. inveenter the hachie Parmentier has

Homages

A station of subway was named in its honor with Paris, the station Parmentier, on the line. With Saint-Fons (the Rhone), a school public door the name of Parmentier
À Montdidier, its statue out of bronze dominates the place Parmentier , it shows Parmentier distributing of seeds to a grateful peasant.
A Neuilly on the Seine, a statue representing Parmentier, carved by Adrien Etienne Gaudez is opposite the entry of the town hall.
Il exists a nursery school in Vierzon village which bears its name.

Works (nonexhaustive list)

'' Avis with the good housewives of the cities and the campaigns, on the best manner of making their bread '' (1777), consultable and downloadable on Gallica.
Examen criticizes potato (1779).
Research on the nutritive plants which, in all times of food shortage, can replace ordinary food (1781).
rural and domestic Economy . Universal Library of the Ladies, street and hotel Curves, 1788 - 1797; 8 volumes. This encyclopedia for ladies is saw its publication continuing for all the revolutionary period, which was not whole rest for the father of potato. It teaches there with the women of the countryside all that they must know to hold rustic house. Volume I draft of the general duties towards the farmers and the poor. Volume II relates to bakery, the dairy, the cheese dairy, the office, the kitchen, the storeroom, the cellar; volume III deals with farmyard and the following of the cattle. The volume V of the pleasure garden, the kitchen garden. seedbed and fruit-loft, volume VI of the ploughings and agricultural work; volume VII of the meadows, hays, fodder plants and of the vine, wood, the ponds and the fish ponds. The last volume describes the plants with artisanal application: hemp, flax, garance, plants with oils, tobacco, wicker, hop, saffron, rhubarb; plants useful for the rope-makers, tanners, bookbinders, etc
Treated on the culture and the uses of potatoes, potato and the Jerusalem artichoke S (1789).
Treated theoretical and practical on the culture of the vine, with art to make the wine, brandies, spirit of wine, vinegars simple and composed (2 vol., 1801) in collaboration with Jean-Antoine Chaptal, the Abbot Rozier, and Dussieux
Treated on art to manufacture syrups and preserves of grape (publication 1810).

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