After-effect of war

The expression “ after-effects of war ” indicates the differed impacts, with the total local scales or, in the space or the time of the actions of Guerre. This concept differs from that of damagees war which covers and relates to only part of these after-effects.

These after-effects are varied natures but one can distinguish three main categories.

Economic after-effects

They were among the first to be the subject of evaluations, in particular after the invention of GDP, but are actually difficult to quantify.
Les wars seems to dope the economies but if they enrich the sectors by the armament and the production useful for the armies, they ruin other sectors, accelerate the recourse to the nonrenewable resources, and involve in debt États.
Les strategic industries durably, the access to the energy resources and the infrastructures make in addition, when they cannot be recovered with the enemy, the object of systematic destruction, often expensive and polluting whose environmental costs are of delicate and recent evaluation, under the impulse of UNO and of ONG in particular.

Medical and sociopsychologic after-effects

One can distinguish from the after-effects of short term with the effects of shock and various turbid behavioral of war observed for example in the Tranchée S of 14-18 or after the war of the Gulf, the effects of means and long terms with the medical after-effects or the sociopsychologic Traumatisme S which can persist on several generations, in particular after the Viol S, the Torture, the Génocide S and other forms of massacres, displacements of populations and refugees.

For a few decades one has evoked the intoxications with length or very long run, due for example to the actions of lead or mercury on the brain (cf for example Guerre 14-18, with the red zone and in particular the sectors of the Meuse and of Verdun), or with the noxious and mutagen effects of yperite or of the Dioxine S (cf Usage of Défoliant S and Napalm to the Vietnam) or of Radionucléide S (since the atomic bomb and the use of Uranium impoverished). It is astonishing that the retrospective and prospective study of the effects with means and long terms was not initiated, in particular according to the knowledge acquired since 1918.

Truths costs in term of health of a war as that of 14-18 were never quantified nor estimated, and from the point of view of the environmental and medical risk, the toxins nonbiodegradable or very slowly dégradables (organic molecules of the chemical weapons) rejected into the environment were it in such quantity, that some could say that war 14-18 is not finished.

Environmental after-effects

(impacts relictuels, direct and indirect, on water, the air, the grounds, the ecosystem S). One of the main issues is that of the Pollution induced by the ammunition (of which not-exploded , lost, stored conventional” or “chemical” ammunition “or immersed).
Il is allowed to think that dispersion in 1914-1918 in the environment and in particular in the atmosphere of gigantic quantities of lead, mercury, arsenic and poison gas, associated with the difficult food and hygiene, living conditions could contribute to a reduction in immunity and indirectly to the epidemics of Tuberculose, Choléra and of Spanish Grippe which made even more deaths than the engagements themselves. Lead is also known to develop aggressiveness and to affect the cognitive function at the victims of acute lead intoxication. It seems that mercury and other heavy metals can also develop effects of this type or affect certain locomotor functions and attention or memory. This phenomenon could it retrospectively explain a share of the syndromes developed by many soldiers (sometimes shot or punished wrongly for simulations who were not perhaps) of the confusion and the violence of the wars and crises which agitated Europe and the world at that time? It does not seem to have made public there of studies made on these topics.

Each one of these types of after-effects takes an increasing importance since the First World War, with the technological development and of the capacities of military intervention and in particular with the invention of the chemical weapons, the bacteriological weapons or the atomic bomb or for example with the use of ammunition with Uranium impoverished.

The Résilience is in all the cases delicate and long, when it is possible, for the environment, as for the individuals and companies. Concept of psychological support to the Victim S and of assistance to a Justice which makes be expressed and recognize the torturers and the victims, by the means of international courts possibly watch an evolution in the will and the means of finding resolutions non-violent with the conflicts (e.g.: South Africa, Rwanda.).

Illustrations

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