the affect indicates what affects, moves. It is an immaterial object of the Influence, and an elementary emotional state, in opposition to the Intellect.
In cognitive Sciences
The affect is, with the Cognition, the Instinct and the ethical , one of the four factors of decision making.
In Philosophy
In Greek pathos , indicates here perceptions and the feelings, alone credible realities according to skepticism: The skeptic gives his approval to the affects which are essential on him through an impression; for example he will not say, whereas he hot or that it cold, “it seems to me that I do not have heat or that I do not have cold” (Sextus Empiricus, Esquisses pyrrhoniennes - I, 13).In Latin, affectus indicates traditionally a state of the heart, a feeling. According to Spinoza, (Ethical III, definition III), it is more precisely about a modification or a change occurring in the body at the same time as in the mental one ( lie ), modification by which my power to act is increased or decreased. Thus a modification or affection ( affectio ) leaving me indifferent is thus not an affect within the meaning of affectus .
In Psychoanalysis
For Sigmund Freud, the Pulsion is divided into affect and Représentation.- the affect is an impression, one felt, an emotional quality.
- the representation is an idea, a Concept.
More precisely, the affect and the representation are two psychic representatives of the Pulsion: the latter, as much somatic, are expressed in the two fields of the affect and the representation. The impulse could not thus be reduced with the affect, just as the affect cannot be included/understood like synonym of emotion in any event.
As for the destinies of the affect, related to a representation, let us mention simply the possibility of a insulation and a displacement, defensive mechanisms revealing of normal psychic operation.
Freud introduces also the concept of quota of affect (Affektbetrag) like an energy concept making it possible the affect to be expressed with us in a significant way. There is on a side psychic energy, running out by respecting laws, and of other the affect, which is qualitative expression of this quantity. The energy principles exceed this article (see Pleasure principle).
It is however important to note here the idea of a translation: if the impulse is also registered in the body, the affect translates it. It expresses a certain push, and the affect will have jointly to express a lack, or a feeling of strangeness.
The case of the Culpabilité Inconscient E leads Freud to raise the question of an unconscious affect. The theory would like that the culpability is the conscious expression, qualitative, of a push, death instinct aiming at the subject, punishing it. However there exists an ignored culpability of the subject, and Freud must be solved not to solve the problem.
It is known as that André Green is the man of the affect starting from the traumatism at two times of the Theory of seduction invented and given up by Freud to be occulted during good 70 years.
See too
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