Adriatic Sea
See also: Adriatic
Of Latin Pond Hadriaticum (or Pond Adriaticum ), the Adriatic Sea owes its name at the town of Adria (or Hadria or Atria), founded with, by the Étrusques, located formerly on its edges. This name originally meant only one small gulf located in front of this city, and filled today by the alluvial deposits of the Po. Surface: 160 000 km ².
The Adriatic Sea is part of the Mediterranean, kind of Golfe very lengthened closed towards the Northern . Fernand Braudel indicates it as one of the “liquid plains” which form the Mediterranean. It is framed with the Northern and with the western by the Italy and with the Is by the Balkan Péninsule . One traditionally fixes his Southern end at the level of the " channel of Otranto " , the place where the banks of the Pouilles and the Albania are closest. The island of Corfou, which played the part of advanced station of Venice until the disappearance of Sérénissime after the treaty of Campo-Formio, is generally regarded as the strategic key of this sea.
At beginning of the Greek Colonization, it plays at the same time a part of barrier and footbridge between various civilizations: between Roman Empire of occident and the East initially; between the Germanic world and Byzance then; between the Ottoman Empire and the Christian world a little later; between capitalist and communist Europe finally. Today still, she sees “being opposed”, on her two banks, the ex- Yugoslavia and the European Union, whereas steps are started on the two sides for an integration of the Balkan countries. She remains also a religious crossroads between worlds orthodoxe, Catholique and Musulman.
The adjacent states, are the Italy, the Slovenia, the Croatia, the Bosnia-Herzégovine, the Montenegro and the Albania.
Several port S important is located there, and in particular Venice (Mestre) and Trieste which was a long time the outlet of the empire Austro-Hungarian towards the Mediterranean and which in particular made it possible to convey the goods méditerranénnes or colonial in direction of the South of Germany. One should not either forget Ancône, the city of the Papal States, which takes again its place of large port in 1734 with the edict of frankness after close from long centuries spent in the shade to the Republic to Saint-Marc, and the République of Raguse, the small vassal Christian enclave of the Ottoman Empire.
For a long time, it was dominated by Venice, so much so that many contemporaries called this sea “the gulf of Venice”. At the 18th century, after the peace of Passarowitz in 1718, this space is completely upset politically. The progressive assertion of the imperial ports (Fiume, Trieste, Oporto-D…), the fierce competition of the free port of Ancône and the rebirth of Raguse call in question Venetian hegemony.
The trade of the wearing of Marseilles develops to with it throughout half of the 18th century. Historiography very recently is interested in this sea ignored still enough historians in spite of many studies on Venice.
See too
Simple: Adriatic Sea
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