Adolphe Guillaumat

Marie Louis Adolphe Guillaumat , born the January 4th 1863 with Bourgneuf (Charente-Maritime) - died the May 18th 1940 with Nantes, military French.

Adolphe Guillaumat was the son of Louis Guillaumat, peasant of the the Sarthe which had drawn a bad number and which, having chosen to pile up again, had become Commander in the Army, and of Marie-Noémie Fleury. Married the July 17th 1906 with Louise Bibent, of good Toulouse family († May 4th 1960), it had two wire: Louis, become Professor of Ophthalmology, and Pierre (1909-1991), become senior official. Adolphe Guillaumat was a Catholique practitioner and an admiror of Frederic Bastiat.

Entered major with Saint-Cyr military school in 1882, it leaves there on October 1st 1884 major the promotion of the " Houses noirs" , and chooses to begin like Sous-lieutenant with the 65 {{E}} from Infantry to Nantes. In 1892, the lieutenant Guillaumat takes part in a lifting of charts with Teniet el-Haad in Algérie; the following year, they are topographic surveys with Kairouan in Tunisia.

In November 1893, Adolphe Guillaumat is named Capitaine and is transferred to the 147 {{E}} Régiment of Infantry; in 1895, the Guillaumat captain orders the Fort of Douaumont to Verdun; then it succeeds in being made assign to the Foreign legion and spends two years in Algérie. In September 1897, it leaves the 2 {{E}} Etranger and leaves for the Tonkin. It becomes acquainted with Paul Doumer, then General governor, and of the Admiral de Beaumont. To the spring of 1900, one sends it to study the political situation in China, and it is found to order the defense of the French concession of Tien-Tsin against the Boxers under the orders of the Russian general Stoessel. June 25th it is wounded with the elbow by a glare of shell and will spend six months of convalescence to Hiroshima.

Promoted Major in December 1900, Adolphe Guillaumat returns to France in April 1901 and sign during three years the military history to Saint-Cyr military school. In 1905, it receives the direct patent very staff with the mention. In June 1907, promoted Lieutenant-colonel, it succeeds the lieutenant-colonel Pétain with the pulpit of tactic applied to the infantry to the University of War. Then, as from September 1908, it orders for two years the Military academy of the Arrow. In September 1910, promoted Colonel, it takes the command of the 5 {{E}} Régiment of Infantry in Paris, which it keeps until January 1913, when it is named Directeur of the Infantry to the Ministry for the war. The October 8th 1913, it becomes Brigadier general.

When that the First World War bursts, it is since the June 14th 1914 chief of the military cabinet of the Minister for the War Adolphe Messimy. When this one is replaced, it takes, the August 30th 1914 the command of the 33 {{E}} Division of Infantry at the time of the First battle of the Marne (from September 6th to 11th 1914); it takes share with the combat of Vitry-le-François before holding a sector in Champagne. The December 9th 1914, named Major general temporarily, it takes the head of the 4 {{E}} Division of Infantry. The February 25th 1915, it is named with the head of the 1 {{er}} Army corps also called the " Guillaumat" grouping; , that it will lead to the first Champagne battle, that of the Woëvre (in April 1915), and with which it will hold the whole of Champagne. In February 1916 its unit takes part in the Bataille of Verdun, before being sent in August 1916 to reinforce the VI {{E}} French Army which, in the north of the Sum, must support the right wing of the English armies. The December 15th 1916, when the General Nivelle is named Commander-in-chief, it replaces this one with the head of the II {{E}} Armée; then it turns over on the face of Verdun with its 650.000 men, stopping the German attacks in spring of 1917; then, on April 20th, it leaves to the attack, carrying the French lines in the north of Dimension 304 and the Death-Man.

The December 14th 1917, it takes the succession of the Général Sarrail in the Balkans; it improves the relations with the allies on the spot and prepares the offensive in Macedonia which will victoriously be carried out by its successor Franchet d' Esperey.

However, the second demolished Way of the Ladies at the end of May 1918 increased the Germans to 75 km of Paris and this is why, the June 17th 1918, Clemenceau points out the Guillaumat general to take the place of the general Dubail like military Gouverneur of Paris. After the success of the Second battle of the Marne, it takes the October 7th the command of the V {{E}} Armée, that it carries out until the Armistice in the Ardennes.

After the war, in June 1919, it is named General inspector of the armies; in 1920, member of the Superior council of the War. From 1922 to 1931, it chairs the Commissions of defense of the territory - the first, created in 1922 by André Maginot, Minister for the War, is replaced by a commission of defense of the borders, preceding the C.O.R.F. (Commission of Organization of the Strengthened Areas) and the Ligne Maginot to which it was opposed, preferring a system of in-depth fortifications to him which would not have mortgaged the strategic choices nor not been used as alibi with a refusal to level the army. At the same time, starting from the October 11th 1924, it orders the occupying army of the Rhine and exerts the higher command of the allied forces of the Rhenish territories. June 23rd with the July 19th 1926 the Guillaumat general was nominally Ministre for the War government of Aristide Briand, which he had known as his elder one year to the Lycée of Nantes; this government resigns at the end of four weeks, the Parliament having refused exceptional taxing rights with Joseph Caillaux. Having preserved its command until the evacuation of the Rhineland the June 30th 1930, continuing to take part in work of the Superior council of the War, the Guillaumat general is finally placed out-tallies without employment the June 4th 1933.

The July 10th 1918, the general Adolphe Guillaumat was high the dignity of Grand Cross of the Légion of honor and, the October 3rd 1918, received the Military decoration since it had ordered as a chief in front of the enemy (but he will be never marshal like Franchet d' Esperey in 1918: it is too late, Poincaré is opposed to the nomination of marshals in times of peace). In November 1947, its ashes joined the vault of the military governors of Paris to the national Hôtel of the Invalids.

Bonds Internet

'' Historique synopsis of the occupation of the Rhenish Territories by the Allied Armies '' Ouvrage published under the direction of the Guillaumat general.
'' Témoignage of a chief - the general Guillaumat '' by Leon Christmas
'' Correspondance of war of the general Guillaumat '', transcribed and published by Paul Guillaumat.
" Adolphe Guillaumat (1863-1940) " , by '' Chemins of memory ''
Street of the General-Guillaumat in Paris XV°

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