Adolphe Edouard Casimir Joseph Mortar

See also: Mortar

Adolphe Edouard Casimir Joseph Mortar (° 1768 Cateau-Cambrésis - † 1835 Paris), Duke of Trévise, Marshal of Empire (1804)

It was wire of Antoine-Charles-Joseph Mortier, appointed with the General states. It entered as captain the 1st battalion of the volunteers of North.

Entered the army as a Second lieutenant in 1791, it serves during the campaigns of 1792 and 1793 on the north-eastern border and in Holland, and later on the Meuse and the the Rhine. It had a horse killed under him with the Affaire of Quiévrain and gave evidence of its value to the battles of Jemmapes, of Nerwinde, with Sellemberg close to Leuwen. During the Blockade of Valencians, it was maintained for six hours on the river of Persian with 150 men, after the evacuation of the Camp of Famars. It was named adjudant-general with Hondschoote, in October 1793. Wounded at the time when it seized the village of Dourlers, it was announced again to Mons, with Brussels, Leuwen, Fleurus.

In 1794, under the general Kléber, it seized the Fort Saint-Pierre, and was, under the orders of Marceau, with the Passage of the Rhine to Neuwied.

In 1796, it had the command of the outposts of the Armée with Sambre-and-Meuse under the general Lefebvre. It was announced to Altenkirchen, with the Bataille of Friedberg, removed the heights of Wildendorf and made 2.000 prisoners; seized Grossen, made capitulate Frankfurt, removed from sharp force Gemmunden, where it made a great number of prisoners and took fifteen boats charged with ammunition of war, and finally forced the general Wartensleben to operate its retirement on Bamberg. To the Combat of Hirschied, to Ehmanstadt, Mortier gave evidence of the greatest value.

In the fort of Rotbemberg, which it seized, it found 60 parts of gun. Promoted to the Brigadier general rank of in 1799, it contributed strongly to the Prise of Lieptengen.

In the war against the Second coalition in 1799 it is successively promoted Brigadier general and Major general the September 27th 1799, it went to order the 4th division with the Armée with Helvétie. It fought with distinction in the various businesses which preceded and followed the Prise of Zurich, and assisted Masséna to operate the whole expulsion of the enemy of the Swiss territory . It took part then in military operations which took place against the Austrians in the country of the Grisons. A decree of the consular government called it soon with the command of 15th and the 16th military divisions, whose chief town was Paris. In 1803, the Mortier general was charged by the First Consul with the command with the army intended to seize the Hanover. It crosses the Waal with 14.000 men, beats the troops hanovriennes and forces the Feld-maréchal Waldomen to sign, the June 3rd, with Sublingen, a convention which made the French main of all the Electorate. It accepted First Consul the most flattering praises and became one of the four commanders of the consular Guard. The command of artillery was especially entrusted to him. In 1804, Mortier was high with the dignity of Marshal of France; Grand eagle of the Légion of honor it accepted some time after the cross of the Ordre of the Christ of Portugal.

In 1805, it ordered one of the bodies of the Large army under the orders of the Emperor. It orders the infantry of the imperial Garde during the countryside of Ulm in which it was characterized in particular by its brilliant action with Dürrenstein.

See also: Battle of Dürenstein

In 1806 it is still in Hanover and in Germany of the North-West, and Napoleon entrusts to Mortier the command of the 8th Large army corps, made up of troops Gallo-Batavian S. It seizes Cassel on October 1st and Naumbourg next in November. In 1807, it overcomes the Swedish with Anclam and is announced to the Bataille of Friedland. Named duke of Trévise, some time afterwards, it receives an equipment of 100.000 francs revenue on the fields of the former electorate of Hanover. It is made governor of Silesia, and shortly after it orders during the countryside in Spain.

In 1808, it orders the 5th body of the Armée with Spain, takes a glorious share with the head office of Saragossa. It gains the victory of Ocaña the November 18th 1809 where more than 60.000 Spaniards are crushed per less than 30.000 French. It is charged with the Siège of Cadiz and beats the Spaniards with the Bataille of Gebora the February 19th 1811.

In 1812, at the time of the Countryside of Russia, the Mortier marshal receives the command of the Jeune imperial Guard. The Emperor appoints it governor of the the Kremlin and gives him, at the time of the retirement, the terrible mission of making it jump. Continued by higher forces, the duke of Trévise is attacked with the Passage of Bérésina and shares with the marshal Ney the honor to save the remains of the Large army. It is him which reorganizes, with Francfort-sur-le-Main, the young Guard of which it has the command during the Campagne of 1813. It fights with Lützen, with Bautzen, Dresden, Wachau, Leipzig and Hanau.

During the Countryside of 1814, the marshal duke of Trévise takes an active share with all the actions which announce this immortal countryside. In the defense of Paris, it is charged to support the shock of the army allied in the Plaine of Saint-Denis. Arrived at the foot of the enclosure of this capital, the Empereur of Russia sends to Mortier the count Orlow, his assistance-of-camp, to summon it to put the weapons low; the marshal answers: “ the allies, to be with the foot of the hillock Montmartre, are not for that main of Paris. The army would be buried under its ruins rather than to subscribe to a ashamed capitulation; and when it cannot be defended any more, it knows how and by where to carry out its retirement in front of and in spite of the enemy. ”

Mortar left its position only after the Duc of Raguse had concluded an arrangement for the evacuation from the capital. The April 8th it sent its adhesion to the acts of the Provisional government. Immediately after the re-entry of the Bourbon S, in 1815, it puts at the service Louis XVIII. It was sent to Lille in the capacity as extraordinary police chief of the 16th division, of which he became then governor. The king named it Chevalier of Saint-Louis and Pair of France.

At the time of the March 20th, the Government solved to form with Péronne a reserve army whose marshal was to have the command. Arrived at Lille a little before Louis XVIII, the duke of Trévise hastened to warn Mr. of Blacas that the garrison was ready to be raised and made entreat the king to leave most promptly possible. The king having approved this council, the marshal accompanied it until bottom by the glacis, in order to impose to the soldiers by his presence. “ I thank you for what you did, Mister the marshal, tells him the king. I return your oaths to you; always serve France and are happier than me. ”

During the Hundred Days it joined Napoleon i which gives him a high command. Napoleon created Mortier member of the news Chambre of the Pars and charged it with the inspection of the places borders of the East and North, but at the beginning of the Campagne of Waterloo it leaves it.

After the Second Restoration, it was eliminated from the Room of the Pars which the king had just reformed and fell in disgrace during a certain time. Member of the the Council of war charged to judge the marshal Ney it declared himself inefficient. Appointed governor of the 15th military division with Rouen, in 1816, it was elected, the same year, member of the House of Commons by the department of the Northern , and restored, in the honors of the peerage in March 1819 and, in 1825, it was decorated with the Ordre of the Holy Spirit.

After the revolution of 1830, it was appointed large chancellor of the Legion of honor.

In 1830 - 1831 he was ambassador of France with Saint Petersbourg, and the November 18th 1834 he was called with the ministry for the War and the presidency of the Council. It accepted with back-plate of the functions for which it knew that it was made little, and that it already had refused first once a few months before, at the time of the resignation of the marshal Gerard.

Excel man, modest, honest, integrates, the Mortier marshal completely misses authority on the government, in particular on these ministers of weights, conscious of their value, which are Thiers and Guizot. “Not one of its words does not express the intelligence”, laughs Charles de Rémusat. Badly at ease with the oral examination, he stammers in front of the rooms which he does not manage to dominate. The situation ends up being prejudicial with Louis-Philippe, that the opposition shows to have placed a marionette with the head of the government for better imposing its personal policy. Ultimately, when Mortier presents its resignation the February 20th 1835, officially for health reasons, the king does not think a moment of retaining it.

In 1835, accompanying, in the capacity as large chancellor of the Legion of honor, the king Louis-Philippe I {{er}} during a review of the National guard, the marshal was killed with eleven other people in the attack of Fieschi. The procession had arrived at the boulevard of the Temple, the marshal complained about the heat which overpowered it. Somebody urged it to withdraw himself; but it did not want there to agree. “ My place, says it, is near the king, in the middle of the marshals, my comrades in arms. ” Hardly it had expressed this resolution which it fell struck down by the grapeshot from the explosive device that Fieschi had directed against the king. He still lived when one transported it in a room of billiards of the Turkish Garden. He sought to rest against a table; then suddenly, seized by the last convulsions, the body carried behind, pushed a great cry and expired.

It had as children:

Caroline Mortier of Trévise (1800 - 1842), marchioness of Rumigny;
Napoleon Mortar of Trévise (1804 - 1869), 2nd duke of Trévise;
Sophie Malvina Joséphine Mortar of Trévise, countess of Bellozanne then, in second weddings, countess the Naive ones;
Eve Stéphanie Mortar of Trévise, Gudin countess.

Partial source

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