Adolf Engler

See also: Engler

Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler is a German Botaniste , born the March 25th 1844 in Sagan in Prussia (today Żagań in the west of the Poland) and dead the October 10th 1930 with Berlin. It specializes in the botanical Biogéographie and its work had a considerable influence on the vegetable Taxinomie .

It obtains its pH. D. at the university of Breslau (today Wrocław in Poland) in 1866. After having taught a few years, it becomes preserving collections of botany of the Institute of botany of Munich in 1871. He teaches with Kiel (1878) taxinomic botany then with Breslau (1884) where he succeeds Johann Heinrich Robert Göppert (1800-1884). Engler is elected with the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina in 1878. He is professor of botany to the university of Berlin and director of the botanical garden of 1889 with 1921. He takes part in many scientific exhibitions in particular in Africa.

He founds in 1881 the scientific magazine Botanische Jahrbücher which he directs until his death. He writes many articles on the geography and vegetable taxonomy, collaborates with Karl Anton Eugen Prantl (1849-1893) on the first volumes of Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (32 volumes, 1887-1909) and publishes the first volumes of Das Pflanzenreich . Among its publications, it is necessary to quote Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pfanzenwelt insbesondere der Florengebiete, seit der Tertiäperiode (2 volumes, 1879-1822), Syllabus der Volesungen übek szpezielle und medizinisch-pharmazeatische Botanik (1892). He is the person in charge as well as the joint author at the sides of Oscar Drude (1852-1933), of Die Vegetation der Erde (15 volumes, 1896).

He is the author of many work on the geography of the plants, in particular of Africa. He highlights the importance of geology on the distribution of the plants. He is one of the first to combine the Phylogénie and the Biogéographie. It also the author of important work on the Araceae, the Burseraceae and the Saxifraga . It receives the Médaille linnéenne in 1913.

The traditional system of Classification developed by Engler and Prantl, called Classification of Engler, was used until in the years 1970. A named publication Englera (ISSN 0170-4818), published by the Botanical garden of Berlin, is dedicated to him. Several S, Englerastrum, Englerella, Engleria, Englerina, Englerocharis, Englerodaphne, Englerodendron and Englerophytum , commemorate its memory.

He is the author of the Théorie pseudanthe which confers an origin Polyphylétique gymnospermienne on the Angiosperme S (plants with flower). But its theory was eclipsed by its competitor (the Théorie euanthe of English Charles Bessey) following the capitulation of the Germany at the time of the First World War, until the later discoveries give it in value and confirms it.

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