Addis-Abeba ( New flower in Amharique: አዲስአበባ) is the capital of the Ethiopia. It is located at the center of the country, on a plate of an altitude ranging between 2300 and 2600 meters, characteristic which is worth to him to be the highest capital of Africa and to be 3rd with the world plan.

Located in the dry tropical zone, Addis-Abeba escapes from the heats temperatures of Djibouti, from the east, or from the Sudan, in the west, thanks to the altitude which allows relatively pleasant temperatures all the year (see graphic ombro-climatic opposite). Principal the Rain season ( krämt ) takes place from June to September, and makes the streets not tarred almost impassable though less dusty.

Addis-Abeba is connected since 1917 to Djibouti, therefore with the sea, by a way of railroad built by a French company as of the end of the year 1890. The valley of the Rift, in direction of the south, is easily accessible, thanks to a recently tarred road which leads in particular to Shashamané.

Urban characteristics

Very big city of the African continent, with approximately 4 million inhabitants (commonly allowed estimate by the geographers), for 2,3 million only listed in 1994, Addis Ababa endorses functions international policies since 1963, creation date of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) under the employers of Haïlé Sélassié I {{er}}.
The Africa Hall shelters the African Union today which succeeded the first organization, as well as the Economic commission of the United Nations for Africa. That was worth with this district, which also shelters imperial palaces and a large international hotel, beautiful installations around Ménélik II Road .

City of the capacity, whose official buildings, many, cannot be taken in photograph, Addis also shelters beautiful monuments, witnesses of the Ethiopian history: equestrian statue of Ménélik II, columns commemorating the release of 1941 ( Omédla LED , with Arat Kilo ) or the martyr of patriots lasting the Italian occupation (with Seddest Kilo ), statue of the “Lion of Juda” set up with the glory of Zaoditou, of the '' close-cropped '' Makonnen and of the '' negus '' Tafari (with Gahare , station of the railroad djibouto-Ethiopic).

Many a churches , such as the cathedral of the Holy Trinity set up by the last emperor or Bétä Guiyorguis (“the house of (saint) Georges”) place of its crowning in 1930, also strew the city which has sheltered for a few years a large mosque, in the shopping area of the Merkato , in the west of the district of Piazza ( Piyassa ).

The city also accommodates a university ( Addis Ababa yunivärsiti ), installed in an old palate of Haïlé Sélassié ( Le' ul Genet , “paradise of the Prince”) since the years 1950, and various research centres academic foreigners, including one '' French Center for Ethiopian research ''.

Since 2003, the international airport of Bolé, in the south of the city, was refitted and plays an airport part of '' hub '' between the East Africa (area of the Big lakes, Kenya, Tanzania), Asia and Europe. The airline company '' Ethiopian '' made its airport of fastener of it and established its workshops there.

History

Based in 1886 by the emperor Ménélik II on a site of source of warm water ( Filoha ) appreciated of the empress Taytu Betul who gave him this name, the city developed thanks to the perennial establishment of the emperor and his court. First of all established with Entoto, “mountain” overhanging the plain of Finfinni currently occupied, Ménélik undertook the construction of a palate ( gäbbi , ገቢ) and noble the close-cropped with its suite.
As of the beginning the space occupied by the noble ones and their fields ( safar ) were very important, and one currently notes very the large surface occupied by the city. Also town of establishment of European legations as of the end of the year 1890, Addis Ababa experienced a fast development and important. The needs of wood for construction and the heating were such as the Eucalyptus, tree with the rapid growth, was introduced there at the beginning of the 20th century in order to provide the quantities necessary to the population. The tents of white fabric were thus quickly replaced by buildings into hard, of which some are still visible today (see photo opposite).
The various celebrations of imperial crowning took seat into 1917,1928 and 1930 there, making of Addis Ababa an internationally known city.

Occupied of the May 5th 1936 at May 5th 1941 by the Italians, Addis Ababa was the theater of tragedies events: assassination of the abuna Paulos (chief of the Ethiopian orthodoxe Church) in 1937, or massacre of a dozen patriots having resisted against the occupant (1938?).

Capital of Africa as from the years 1960, Addis was also the place of the revolution carried out in 1974-1975 by soldiers Marxist-Leninists. The “place of the revolution” ( Abyot adäbabay ), high place of the manifestations of the mode of the Mengistu dictator, was renamed “place of the Cross” ( Mäsqäl adäbabay ).

This imposing esplanade accommodated on February 6th 2005 a concert in the honor of the sixtieth birthday of the birth of Bob Marley ( Africa Unite ) which gathered approximately 300.000 people come from the whole world.

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