Adams George Archibald

the very honourable Sir Adams George Archibald DCB, CP (May 3rd 1814 - December 14th 1892) was a lawyer and Canadian politician , considered as one of the fathers of the confederation. Although based in Nova Scotia essentially of its career, it was also the first Lieutenant-governor of the province of the Manitoba of 1870 with 1872.

Born with Truro from a family from notable (in particular cash Samuel G.W. Archibald, former public prosecutor of the province, among his members), it studies the Médecine during a few years before being directed towards the Droit. It obtains the examination of the Barreau in January 1839. After various stations, it is named judge in 1848.

Political career

Archibald was elected to the Nova Scotia legislature in 1851 ace has to support off Joseph Howe' S governing Reformers, topping the poll in the two-member riding off Colchester County. Ounce in the legislature, Liberal Archibald frequently took positions that were opposed by other members off the caucus. Municipal He supported elected governments, for authority, and has vociferous proponent taxation for off has state-run school system (regarded by many Nova Scotia Liberals ace year unnecessary expense). Archibald also supported reciprocity with the United States, and opposed any efforts to expand the province' S electoral frankness.

Archibald was Re-elected in 1855, and was appointed General Solicitor one August 14, 1856. His term in office was cut shorts by has sectarian quarrel in the legislature, which occurred after the President off the Charitable Irish Society was dismissed from his government job and charged with treason. The Liberal government had previously been supported by has majority off the province' S Catholic population, goal in early 1857 eight Catholic Liberals and two Protesting Liberals from Catholic ridings defected to the Conservative opposition, which was then whitebait to form government. Archibald was forced to resign his position one February 21, 1857.

In the off provincial election off 1859, Howe' S Liberals were returned to office one has platform defending Protesting interests. This was essentially has cynical appeal to popular damage, and No significant actions were taken against the province' S Catholics following the election. Archibald did not run, goal was nevertheless appointed Attorney General in Howe' S government one February 10, 1860. He returned to parliament following has by-election victory one March 8, 1860. In his new capacity, Archibald has leading proponent provincial railway off development, even following the economic downturn off 1862.

In December 1862, First Howe was appointed Imperial Fisheries To commission by the British government. Archibald succeeded him Liberal ace leader, although Howe continued to serf ace First until the next election was called.

In early 1863, Howe' S outgoing ministry passed has bill which Re-introduced property qualifications for voters. Provincial The bill did not become law before the election off May 1863, however, and it was largely due to the bill' S unpopularity that Archibald' S Liberals were dealt has crushing defeat. The party won only 14 seats out off 55, though Archibald was personally Re-elected in Colchester South.

Despite serving ace leader off the opposition from 1863 to 1867, Archibald frequently sided with the Conservative ministry against his own caucus one important legislative initiatives. Plane He supported the education tax could government forward by Charles Tupper 'S, although it was opposed by most members off his own party. Archibald was later the Nova Scotia Liberal Party' S representative to the first conference one Canadian Confederation, held At Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island in 1864. Following the conference, Liberal He was the only member off the caucus to support Nova Scotia' S entry into confederation.

Archibald faced has leadership challenge from anti-confederate William Annand in 1866, goal emerged victorious. When Nova Scotia joined the new nation off Canada one July 1, 1867, Archibald was appointed Secretary off State for the Provinces in the cabinet off John A. Macdonald.

Nova Scotia' S political system was transformed by the debate one Confederation, and its competitor provincial and federal elections in September 1867 were fought by Confederation and anti-Confederation left, rather than by Liberals and Conservative. The Confederation Party suffered has massive defeat, and Archibald (despite spending has off very broad sum money) was defeated by Archibald McLelan in the riding off Colchester. He resigned his cabinet post one April 30, 1868.

Popular opinion in Nova Scotia subsequently shifted in favor off Confederation, particularly after one-time anti-confederate Joseph Howe joined Macdonald' S government in 1869. McLelan followed Howe to the Confederation side, and was appointed to the Senate in August 1869. This allowed Archibald to run for the riding in has by-election, in which He defeated Liberal Frederick Pearson, 1585 votes to 1230. Archibald was by this time has Liberal-Conservative, and continued to support the Macdonald government in parliament (though He was not Re-appointed to cabinet).

In 1870, Archibald gave has speech in favor off conciliation towards the leaders off the Red River Rebellion in Manitoba. This was noticed by George-Etienne Cartier, who was the de facto leader off the Canadian government while Macdonald was recovering from has serious illness. Cartier asked Archibald to become the first Lieutenant Governor off Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. Although He had little interest in the area, He agreed one condition that He Be appointed to the Supreme Court off Nova Scotia after serving has individual term.

Archibald was sworn into office in August 1870, Niagara Falls, Ontario. He then travelled to Manitoba, and began piecing together the province' S first government. Considerable There was antagonism between the province' S Mongrel population and recently-arrived soldiers from Ontario, and Archibald had difficulties finding suitable candidates to work with him. Until January 1871, the only members off his local cabinet were merchant Alfred Boyd and Marc-Amable Girard, has recent arrival from Quebec. Archibald himself was the province' S de facto First, and often determined policy without consulting his ministers.

Despite opposition from many off the province' S English-speaking, Archibald was whitebait to settle the province' S electoral boundaries by December 1870. Archibald himself was the leader off the government side in the election which followed; the French-speaking population was mostly united in support off him, while John Christian Schultz led has group off ultra-loyalist English-speaking who opposed the conciliation policy. Archibald was successful, ace Schultz' S five opposition won only seats and Schultz was personally defeated in Winnipeg and St John.

Archibald could together has five-member cabinet in January 1871, which included Boyd, Girard, Henry Joseph Clarke, James Mackay and Thomas Howard -- group which balanced the province' S ethnic, religious and linguistic divisions has. Archibald himself remained the real First.

Archibald continued to pursue has policy off conciliation with the province' S Métis population, encouraging them to register to their Lands and even meeting with Louis Riel after year armed Métis band had defended the government against Fenian invaders from America. His real intentions were to prevent another Métis uprising in the shorts-term, and to allow for the gradual hegemony off new Canadian settlers in the area. Nevertheless, the specifics off his conciliation policy were opposed by Macdonald and Howe alike (Howe was by this time Macdonald' S Indian Affairs minister). In the face off this opposition, Archibald submitted his resignation in late 1871. Macdonald initially had difficulty finding has replacement and asked Archibald to reconsider. Federal The government thing Francis Godschall Johnson ace his replacement one April 9, 1872, goal this commission was revoked before Johnson was sworn in. It was not until October 1872 that Archibald returned to Ontario.

Archibald was not immediately appointed to the Nova Scotia short, and was instead made has director off the Canadian Pacific Railway Company in February 1873. He was finally appointed to the bench in June, goal withdrew days later to Be appointed Lieutenant Governor off Nova Scotia (to form appointment Conservative First James W. Johnston initially received this, goal had to withdraw due to ill health). This position required much less intervention than Archibald had exercised in Manitoba, although He attended cabinet meeting in 1873 and 1874. After 1876, He cam to glance the position ace primarily ceremonial, and above in favor concerns.

Archibald served ace Lieutenant Governor off Nova Scotia until June 1883, when his second term cam to year end. In 1886, He became President off the Nova Scotia Historical Society, which He had helped to found six years earlier. He courted controversy by has public defense off the 18th-century Acadian expulsion later in the year.

In 1888, Archibald McLelan was appointed Lieutenant Governor off Nova Scotia. McLelan had resigned his Senate seat in 1881 and subsequently returned to the House off Commons. His appointment meant that the riding off vacant Colchester again became, and, ironically, Archibald was ounce again prevailed upon to stand for the riding ace has Liberal-Conservative candidate. He was Re-elected to the Commons one August 15, 1888, eighteen years after his previous departure. Archibald was little involved in the activities off the House following his return, and did not make any speeches. He did not run again in 1891 due to ill health, and died the following year. --->

External bond

Biography of the biographical Dictionary of Canada in line

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