Ad3elie coast
The Ad3elie coast is a narrow band of the the Antarctic, located between approximately 67° of Latitude southern and the south pole, and 136° 11' and 142° 02' of Longitude are. The Ad3elie coast covers a surface of approximately 432.000 km. It belongs to the southern and antarctic Lands French. It shelters the scientific bases Dumont-with Urville, on the island of the Petrels, and Ordering Charcot.
Geography
The Ad3elie coast district is located on the Antarctic continent and form an angular sector (432 000 km ²) of Inlandsis ranging between the 136e and the meridian 142e of longitude Is. It has for top the south pole geographical, and a base the portion of coast, close to the polar circle the Antarctic, 350 kilometers length bathed by the sea Dumont d' Urville. The magnetic South pole, whose position varies with the terrestrial magnetic field, is near the Ad3elie coast.
Climate
Its climate is characterized by very low temperatures and strong winds often charged with particles of ice, the “blizzards”.
The average temperatures with Dumont d' Urville, the sea level, are on average of -1 with + 7°C during the summer (January, February) and of - 15 with - 20°C during the southern winter (July, August).
As from March, the sea is recovered of a film of ice which thickens to reach one to two meters during the southern winter. This ice of sea which forms the Banquise covers an immense extent and blocks navigation. The return of the summer involves the rout of this ice which splits up in plates leaving to the drift.
Biological inheritance
The southern and antarctic Lands French (TAAF) constitute the most southern part of France. Badly known at the general level, they have a biological inheritance very often underestimated.
The Antarctic is the only great cold area of the sphere which is nowadays in a neighboring state of its country of origin, contrary to the Arctique. The biological inheritance still almost intact is on a world level of considerable importance and France of it is responsible before the international community.
By signing the Convention of Rio in 1992, France was committed “preserving biological diversity to satisfy the needs and the aspirations of the future generations” while taking, within the national framework, all the necessary measures. As regards environmental protection, it especially ratified the Protocol with the Treaty on the Antarctic relating to environmental protection in the Antarctic (Protocole of Madrid). This protocol was signed in 1991 in Madrid, it came into effect in 1998. The law of April 15th, 2003 relating to environmental protection in the Antarctic implements the Protocol of Madrid. It was specified by a very recent decree of April 25th, 2005. From now on any French activity in the Antarctic and any activity undertaken out of Ad3elie coast must be declared or be authorized. All depends on their environmental impact.
Even if no terrestrial wild mammal lives these frozen areas, the birds in general and the penguins are abundant in particular there. Two species are particularly well represented: the Emperor penquin and the Penguin Adelie.
Some representatives of the fauna of the Ad3elie coast:
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