Acrylonitrile

The Acrylonitrile (C H 2= C H - C ≡ NR), is a Nitrile highly flammable liquid of bitter odor. It is also known under the name of Cyanoethylène, Vinyl cyanide, vinyl cyanide or propene nitrile. The acrylic nitrile is the constituent monomer of macromolecules of textile fibers (Orlon, Crylor). In copolymerization with the Butadiene, it provides “nitrogenized” elastomers endowed with remarkable properties, such as resistance to oils and with the chemical agents, and, with butadiene and styrene, it forms solid resins of high efficiencies (resins ABS). The hydrolysis of acrylonitrile leads moreover to the acrylic acid whose esters are the monomers of the synthesis of the acrylic resins.

Obtaining

In obtaining acrylonitrile, the Acétylène (which had supplanted since 1950 the ethylene oxide) tends to being replaced by the Propylène which one oxidizes in the presence of Ammoniac. It can be obtained by reaction between the Cyanure of hydrogen HCN, and the méthoxyméthane (CH2) 2O or acetylene. Most of acrylonitrile is industrially synthesized by the reaction between propene, ammonia and oxygen, is catalyzed by molybdenum.

The hydrolysis of acrylonitrile leads to the Acrylic acid whose Ester S are the monomers of the synthesis of the acrylic resins.

Use

The CH2 Acrylonitrile = CH - CN is the precursory polymer monomer of synthesis like the Polyacrylonitrile, the fibers Acrylique S, the Nylon, the synthetic rubber. It is used in the manufacture of the ABS, important derivative of acrylic polymers very much used in the vehicles which require a weak weight and a resistance raised to the shocks. This material is a copolymer of acrylonitrile, Butadiène and Styrène, from where its name of ABS.

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