Acidosis

The acidosis is a disorder of balance acidobasic, indicating a pathological state due to an increase in the acidity of the Sang whose pH becomes lower than the normal, i.e. lower than 7,35 - 7,45. This state corresponds to a concentration raised in hydrogen ions (H+) in blood.

The acidosis corresponds to an acidity (i.e. concentration in hydrogen ions) increased of the blood plasma. Generally it is said that the acidosis occurs when the arterial pH falls below 7,35, while its opposite (the alcalose) occurs with a pH higher than 7,45. One needs a gas analysis of arterial blood and other tests to determine the main causes.

Strictly speaking, the acidemy term would be appropriate to better describe the state of a low pH in blood, and one held the acidosis term to describe the processes causes of this state. Despite everything the majority of the doctors use the two words in an interchangeable way. The distinction can be relevant if a patient carries in him of the factors likely to cause the acidosis as well as the alcalose, and where it is the relative importance between the two which determines if the result will be a low or high pH.

The cellular activity ratio of the metabolism affects, and at the same time is affected, by the pH of the liquids in the body. In the mammals, the normal pH of arterial blood ranges between 7,35 and 7,50 according to the species (e.g. the pH of the arterial blood of a man in good health varies between 7,35 and 7,45). The values of the pH in blood compatible with the life in the mammals lies between 6,8 and 7,8. A passage of the pH of arterial blood (and thus of extracellular flow) outside these figures causes irreversible cellular damage (Needham, 2004).

One distinguishes various types of acidosis:

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