Achduart

The Perse (in Greek old ἡ Περσίς/ He Persís ) is the name used by the Greek in the Antiquité to indicate the territory of Iran, confusion with the capital area of this time: Leave, called Old man-Persan Pārsa- in and Means-Persan Pārs in . More generally, the name of Persia remains used out of the Iran until in 1934.

At the 3rd century, under the dynasty Sassanide, the word Ērān or Ērānšahr appears, which means “country of Aryan”, i.e. “country of the Iranians”. At the 7th century, after the fall of Sassanides, the country takes again - in Occident - the name of “Persia”, which is used until 1934, date on which Reza Pahlavi request with the diplomatic representations to call the country Iran , like Iranian always called their country.

During Antiquity, powerful Persan Empire of the Achéménides delivered several wars to the Greeks. Later, the Arabs conquer the area and introduce the Islam there. The Iranians continue to speak Persan, and are different from the orthodoxe Moslems (sunnites), because they are Shiite Duodécimains (divergence coming from a problem of succession with died of Mahomet).

The relation of Persia in the Arab world is not without similarity with that of the Greece with respect to Rome: conquered militarily, it also will conquer Culture llement little by little its winner.

Chronology

  • : settlement of the Iranian plate by the Aryan in north and in the Fars, by the Mèdes in the west.

  • towards -750: Deioclès founds the first kingdom mède, whose capital is Ecbatane.
  • -612 : the Mèdes seize Ninive, causing the fall of the Assyrian Empire.
  • -552 : Persia becomes an independent kingdom under the king Cyrus II.
  • -550 : Cyrus II destroys the Empire mède and founds the Persian Empire, which will extend to all the the Middle East, of the Aegean Sea with the India, of the Egypt to the Afghanistan. Birth of Darius I {{er}}, king de Perse. † 486 av. J. - C.
  • -522: After the death of Cambyse, the magus Gaumata usurps the capacity while being made pass for the late one; he is assassinated by generals carried out by Darius. Beginning of the reign of Darius Ier, king de Perse. (end in 486 av. J. - C.)
  • -518: The Royal roads of 2.683 km is built through the Persian Empire.
  • -490 : Persians of king Darius are beaten by a coalition of Greeks with Marathon; it is the most outstanding episode of the first medic Guerre.
  • -486 : Death of Darius I {{er}}, king de Perse. Beginning of the reign of Xerxès, king de Perse. (end in 465 av. J. - C.)
  • -482 : To subdue a Babylonian revolt against the Persian domination, Xerxès makes destroy the temples of the city.
  • -480 : During the second medic Guerre the Greek demolish the Persian marine with Salamine (Salamis). More than 1000 Trière S take part in the battle.
  • -479 : Athens refuses the advantageous offer to pass on the Persian side.
  • -472 : In its part Persians , Eschyle present at the Athenian public the battle of Salamine seen on the Persian side.
  • -465 : Xerxès I {{er}} is assassinated. His/her son Artaxerxès I {{er}} succeeds to him as king de Perse.
  • -459 : After having helped the Egyptian rebels against the Persian capacity, the Greeks are put in escape and find refuge in an island of the delta of the the Nile.
  • -404 : Egypt becomes independent of Persia.
  • -401 : The Persian king Artaxerxès II demolishes and kills his brother Cyrus the Young person in Cunaxa.
  • -396 : The king of Sparte Agésilas II demolishes the Persian satrap Tissapherne.
  • -386 : Sparte and Greece sign a treaty, the Paix of Antalcidas or peace of the King, recognizing the rights of Persia d' Antaxerxès on the Asia and Cyprus and the rights of Athens on the islands of Skyros, Imbros and Lemnos.
  • -370 : The satraps of the Persian Empire enter in revolt against the central capacity, following the independence of Egypt into -404.
  • -338: Death of Antaxerxès, king de Perse assassinated by his eunuque favorite.
  • -333 : Alexandre Large the demolishes the Persian king Darius III Codoman with the Bataille of Issos.
  • -331 : Alexandre Large the demolishes the Persian king Darius III with the Bataille of Gaugamèles.
  • -312 : Beginning of the reign of Séleucos I {{er}}, founder of the dynasty séleucide of Persia. (end in 280 av. J. - C.) * -115: The Parthian S, whose ancestors come from tribes to the East of the Caspian Sea, are established as Masters of the Bactriane (the North of the Afghanistan), of Persia and the Mésopotamie.
  • 211 : Ardachîr becomes the king of part of Persia.
  • 224 : Persia is unified by Ardachir.
  • 226 : Ardachîr reverses Artaban V, last king of Parthes and founds a new dynasty Persian, the Sassanides.
  • 227 : Persia annexes all the Parthian Empire.
  • 241 : Beginning of the reign of Shapur I {{er}}, king de Perse. (end in 272)
  • 242: Mani starts to preach its religious doctrines in Persia.
  • 259 : Persan king Shapur Ier captures the emperor Valérien.
  • 297 : Narses, the king sassanide of Persia évince the king Tiridate IV of Arménie.
  • 298 : Persan king Narses is force to sign a treaty with Rome.
  • 310 : Beginning of the reign of Shapur II, king de Perse (fine in 272)
  • 332: New collection of the doctrines of Zarathoustra in Persia ( Avesta ).
  • 337 : Beginning of the war Persian against Rome. (end in 350)
  • 348: Women are enlisted in Persia in the auxiliary services of the army.
  • 350 : The Huns invade Persia and India.
  • 359 : Sapor II, the king sassanide of Persia, invades the Syria and takes the Roman city of Amida after a hard battle.
  • 363 : The emperor Julien invades Persia and demolishes the Persan ones in front of the walls of their capital, Ctésiphon.
  • 390 : Théodose I {{er}} and the king Shapur III of Persia signs a treaty to divide Arménie.
  • 399 : Yazdgard goes up on the throne of Persia. It is tolerant towards the Christianisme and maintains good relationships with the Romans.
  • 422 : Théodose II, Roman Emperor of the East, and the king Vahram V of Persia sign a peace treaty.
  • 430 : The Huns Hephtalites, established in Central Asia, attack Persia.
  • 506 : After a Roman counter-offensive, in Mésopotamie, peace is restored between the Byzantine Empire and Persia.
  • 516 : Persan the Mazdak defines the Communisme like the religion put into practice.
  • 529 : The last school of philosophy in Europe, with Athens, firm and the last Masters of philosophy emigrate in Persia.
  • 531 : The movement collectivist of Mazdak is crushed in Persia. Beginning of the reign of Khosro Ier, king de Perse. (end in 579)
  • 532: Byzance pours in Persia 3.548 kg of gold to strengthen the the Caucasus.
  • 561 : The Byzantine Emperor Justinien sign a new treaty with Khosro I {{er}}, the king of Persan restoring the border enters the Persia and the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine emperor Justinien agrees to pay an annual tribute in Persia. Persia guarantees to Byzance 50 years peace.
  • 589 : The king of Persia Khosro II is deposited by a military revolt and flees with Constantinople to ask of the assistance.
  • 590 : Beginning of the reign of Khosro II, king de Perse. (end in 628)
  • 591: The Byzantine emperor Maurice restores on his throne the king of Persia Khosro II. In return, it receives important territorial concessions. Peace is restored again between the two empires Byzantine and Persan.
  • 600 : The windmills are used in Persia for the Irrigation.
  • 627 : Héraclius, combined at the Khazars, arrives in front of Ninive and destroys the army Persian.
  • 632 : Beginning of the reign of Yazdgard III, last king sassanide of Persia. (end in 651)
  • 632: The Caliph Abou Bakr subjects the revolted Arab tribes. It progresses towards Syria and Persia end in 634
  • 637: The Arabs destroy the army Persian with the Bataille of Al-Qadisiyya.
  • 900 : The windmills arrive from Persia in the Moslem Spain.
  • 975 : Persan the Muwaffat writes a treaty of the remedies.
  • 1048 -1131 : Omar Khayyam
  • 1055: The nomads Turkish Seldjoukides, sunnites, which were already numerous in the armies of the Califat Abbasside seize Baghdad in 1055.
  • 1094: The Shiite sect of the Assassins of religion is founded in Persia.
  • 1251 : Beginning of the conquest of Persia by Hulagu, grandson of Gengis Khan (fine in 1265).
  • 1447 : Bursting of the empire of Tamerlan (Timour Lenk), the India, Persia and the Afghanistan gain their independence.
  • 1502 : Ismail I {{er}} establishes the Safavide dynasty in Persia. The Chiisme becomes the religion of Persia.
  • 1571 : Birth of Abbas I {{er}} Large the, Shah of Persia († 1629).
  • 1585 : Beginning of the reign of Abbas Ier (fine in 1622).
  • 1590 : Abbas Ier signs peace with the Turks.
  • 1598 : Abbas Ier of Persia demolishes the Uzbek with Herat. It makes Ispahan its capital.
  • 1623 : Abbas Ier takes Baghdad with the Turks.
  • 1629 : Death of Abbas Ist
  • 1709: The Afghans raise themselves against the Persan capacity and form an independent Afghan State.
  • 1722 : Beginning of Afghan control on Persia. (end in 1730)
  • 1730: The Afghans are rejected out of Persia.
  • 1736 : Beginning of the reign of Nâdir Shâh, shah of Persia, founder of the dynasty afshar, which extended the Persian influence in India. (end in 1747)
  • 1737: Beginning of the occupation Persian of Afghanistan. (end in 1747)
  • 1794: Aga Mohammad Khan founds the dynasty Qajar (Kajar) which will reign on Persia until 1925.
  • 1811: War between Persia and the Russia which gains some victories in the Caucasus.
  • 1826 : Beginning of the war Russo-Persian, Russia seizes the Armenian provinces. end in 1828
  • 1901: A British company receives a concession of oil drilling for 60 years in Persia.
  • 1934 : The name of Iran is included officially in the foreign correspondences.

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