Ach-Chafii

The imâm Abû `Abd Allah Muhammad Ben Idrîs ach-Châfi `I (rear RTL أبوعبداللهمحمدبنإدريسالشافعي àbd allah Ben idrīs aš-šāfi `ī) (767, Gaza, Palestine - 820, Egypt) is the éponyme school (Madhhab) of the Moslem Droit (Fiqh) called chaféite. It belongs to the dynasty of the Hachémites of the tribe of the Quraych

History

His/her father died then whereas he is still child. His/her mother the pupil in poverty while wanting to make of him a good Moslem. He spends much time among the Bedouin S and thus acquires a great knowledge of the Arab Poésie.

To the twenty years age, it goes to Médine to become the pupil of the Imam Al-Malik ibn Anas until the death of this last. He thus learns all that Al-Malik could teach him. He is then sent to the Yemen to occupy a load there. He is shown there of political agitation and decree. The caliph Harûn rear-Rachid the fact of releasing, by exonerating it from any fault. In 804, he visits the Syria and settles in Egypt. In 810, it returns to Baghdad where many students await it to receive his teaching and to found the legal school there chaféite. Among them, Ahmed ibn Hanbal will form in its turn another madhhab, the school hanbalite.

Works

Lights : work Fiqh. It noted its opinions there on various questions, and brought back to it debates which it had with others Ouléma S, in particular Hanafite S or malékites.

Ar-Risâlah : work usûl Al-fiqh (basic principles of the fiqh).

Its interpretations of certain verses of Coran were gathered by the shâfiite Al-Bayhaqiy in one entitled book Âyât ul-Ah' kâm .

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