Acetone

Chemistry

Acetone is a Liquide transparent, flammable, of characteristic Odeur (rather fruity). The melting point is of -95,4 °C and that of boiling of 56,53 °C. It has a Densité relative of 0,819 (to 0 °C). It is a very soluble compound in the Eau (it is a polar Molécule with short carbonaceous chain), the ethanol, the ether, etc acetone is the simplest derivative of the series of the aliphatic Cétone S and the presence of the Double connection carbon-oxygen confers the essence of its reactivity to him.

Acetone forms a Hydrazone with the Phénylhydrazine and a Oxime with the Hydroxylamine. A reduction by Amalgame of Sodium converts it into Isopropanol; an oxidation by the Chromic acid gives Carbon monoxide, and acetic Acid . It reacts with the Ammoniaque to form di- and tri-acétoneamines. It is linked also directly with the Cyanure of hydrogen to form the butyric Nitrile of acid α-oxyiso .

By the action of various reagents, like the lime, the caustic Potash or the Hydrochloric acid , etc, acetone are converted into products of Condensation, oxide Mésityle C₆H₁₀O, phorone C₉H₁₄O, etc

It is converted into Mésitylène C₉H₁₂ (symmetrical trimetylbenzene) by sulphuric Distillation in the presence of Acid (H₂SO₄). Acetone was also used for the production of Teinture of artificial Indigo. In the presence of Iodine and of a Alcali it gives the Iodoforme.

Manufacture

Acetone, formerly extracted pyroligneous resulting from the carbonization of wood, was then a derivative product of the acetic Acid .

In 1915, Chaim Weizmann discovered an inexpensive means to obtain acetone starting from the Amidon, which facilitated the production of Cordite, a Explosif. It negotiated it with the government of the Great Britain to obtain the creation of the state of Israel, of which he will become the first president.

The method currently most used to produce acetone is the Procédé Cumène, which makes it possible to manufacture it (as well as the phenol) starting from Benzène and of Propène. The worldwide production of acetone is about 1,5 million tons per annum.

Use

Acetone is a Solvant very much used in the Industrie and in Laboratoire. It is also a compound at the base of the manufacture of plastic, Médicament S, and other chemicals. Acetone is in particular used in industry to produce the Bisphénol has by reaction with the phenol (bisphenol has is constituent important many Polymère S of the type Polycarbonate S or Polyuréthane S as of resins epoxy S. It is also used with large scales for the transport and the storage of the Acétylène: a container containing a porous material is filled with acetone, in which acetylene is then dissolves. One liter of acetone makes it possible to dissolve approximately 250 liters of acetylene.

Acetone is also the principal one constituting solvent used to withdraw the varnished with Ongle S. It is also used like solvent to dissolve the cellulose Colle and fibers. It is recommended not to use acetone on artificial fibers (acetate, triacétate and acrylic resin).

Acetone baths are used for the preparation of the bodies at the time of the Plastination.

Biological aspect

Acetone is a body Cétone, presents normally, in very minor amounts, in the Urine and the Sang. Moreover greater quantities can be found after a Jeûne and among patients diabetics with a deficiency in severe Insuline (they are untreated people or incorrectly); a fruity odor of the breath caused by acetone is one of the symptoms of the Cétoacidose diabetic.

Acetone exists naturally in the Plante S, the Arbre S, gases Volcan ic, forest fires and like a product of the decomposition of the animal fat. It is present in the Fumée of the Véhicule S, of the Tabac and of the discharge S. the human activities produce some more than nature.

One finds it among the products formed by the destructive distillation of Bois, Sucre, Cellulose, etc and for this reason it is always present in the rough methyl alchohol, including one great proportion can be recovered by split Distillation.

Effects on health and safety

The contact with acetone can cause irritations or damage with the Peau. An important and prolonged exposure can involve a loss of conscience.

Studies on animals of laboratory showed damage with the Rein S, the Foie and the Nerf S, like with the Fœtus in the event of exposure prolonged to important acetone amounts. The male animals also showed incapacity to reproduce. It is not known if this kind of effects can be observed at the man.

Amounts millimolaire not acetone poisons show an effect anticonvulsant in animal models of epilepsy (Likhodii et al., 2003).

The professional exposure limit value is fixed at 500 ppm (1210 mg/m ³) in the European Union

Sentences of risk and councils of prudence according to the international card

R: 11 (Easily flammable)
S: 2 (To preserve out of the range of the children)
S: 9 (To preserve the container in a well broken down place)
S: 16 (To preserve well off any flame or source of sparks. Not to smoke)
S: 23 (not to breathe the vapors)
S: 33 (To avoid the accumulation of electrostatic loads)

Sentences of risk and councils of prudence according to the INRS

Rules Labelling

R: 11 (Easily flammable)
R: 36 (Irritating for the eyes)
R: 66 (the repeated exposure can cause drying or gerçures of the skin)
R: 67 (the vapor inhalation can cause somnolence and giddinesses)
S: 9 (To preserve the container in a well broken down place)
S: 16 (To preserve well off any flame or source of sparks. Not to smoke)
S: 26 (In the event of contact with the eyes, to immediately wash to consult an ophthalmologist)

External bonds

} international Card of toxicological safety
Card of the INRS

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