Accademia della Crusca

The Accademia della Crusca is a cultural association of academic type which gathers scientists and experts of the Linguistique and Philologie Italian born. It compend 15 members, chosen by co-optation, of which at least six must reside at Florence, where it has its seat in the Villa médicéenne of Castello. With these 15 members, 15 Italian correspondents and 15 foreign correspondents can be associated.

The Academy of Crusca, which was not in the beginning official of the French Academy, is without any doubt most prestigious Italian linguistic association.

Created with Florence in 1583, it was always distinguished for its indéfectible engagement to maintain the purity original of the language Italian. Its founders, five members of the Académie of Florence ( Accademia fiorentina ) had been given for goal to separate the impurities (the crusca indicates in Italian the its, envelope of corn) from the fine flower of the language. That consisted in giving the primacy to the Toscan, the vulgar language of Florence, such as it had been created by Dante, then modelled by the great authors of XIVe century, in particular Pétrarque and Boccace, chosen like models. They chose the to blutoir (instrument which is used to separate the flour from the sound) like symbol of the Academy and currency worms of Pétrarque: it più beautiful fior coglie (“it in picking the most beautiful flower”).

In 1612, it published the Vocabolario which was the first Dictionnaire of the Italian Langue (82 years before the first edition of the Dictionnaire of the French Academy) and which was used as lexicographical example for the languages French E, Spanish, German E and English E.

The Academy of Crusca was removed in 1783 and was reincorporated in the Academy of Florence, then restored by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1809, after a fight of influence aiming at imposing French in the kingdom of Tuscany entrusted to his/her sister. Indeed, the April 9th 1809, Napoleon concedes by decree (Palais of Tileries) in Florentins of being able to speak their own language. In this decree, it specifies that “the Italian language could be employed in Tuscany jointly with the French language, in the courts, the notarial acts and in the private writings. ” . He also affirms the creation of an annual price of 500 napoléons, starting from his civil list, “which will be allotted to the authors whose works will contribute to defend with the most effectiveness to maintain the language Italian in all its purity. ”

From this same time also creation goes back to a national university of Pisa, during French national university. The Academy was devoted then to the fifth and last edition of its dictionary, whose first volume left in 1863 and who was stopped in 1923 with the letter O (the last treated word was ozono , ozone).

In 1923, its lexicographical activities were given up by decree of the Minister for the State education (March 11th 1923). Today, the project of a new large Italian language dictionary was taken again by the OVI ( Opera del Vocabolario italiano - Work of the Italian dictionary) which is an institute depend on CNR ( Centro Nazionale Ricerche - research National center of, are equivalent of the CNRS) which also has its seat in the villa di Castello.

The activity of the Academy of Crusca is directed today worms of the studies of philology and among its priority actions the promotion of multilingual Europe appears, which aims at defending the maintenance of an effective plurilingualism in Europe on the basis of official national language.

See too

Internal bonds

First academies in Europe born in Italy:

External bonds

  • Accademia della Crusca, official site
  • Definitions of the vocabulary '' online ''
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