The Academy of Science of Russia (in Russian РоссийскаяАкадемияНаук) is an organization which gathers scientific institutes located in all the federation of Russia. To be elected official member of this academy is an honor. In the time of the Soviet Union, it was known under the name of Academy of Science of the USSR.

History

The Academy of Science of Russia founded to Saint Petersbourg by Pierre large the and was founded by a decree of the Russian Senate on January 22nd 1724. There among the scientists invited to come to work, there were in particular the mathematicians Leonhard Euler, Christian Goldbach, Nicolas and Daniel Bernoulli, the embryologists Kaspar Friedrich Wolf and Karl Ernst von Baer, the astronomer and geographer Joseph-Nicholas Delisle, the physicist Georg Wolfgang Kraft and the historian Gerhard Friedrich Müller.

Under the direction of the princess Ekaterina Dashkova (1783-96), the academy got busy to compile the academic dictionary of the Russian language. Scientists of the academy were with the head or among the active participants of forwardings intended to explore moved back territories of the country. One can quote among those the second forwarding with the Kamchatka of Vitus Bering (1733-43) or forwarding in Siberia of Peter Simon Pallas.

In 1925, the Soviet government recognizes the Academy of Science of Russia as a " higher scientific institution of Union" and Academy of Science of the USSR renames it. The Academy of Science of the USSR contributed to the establishment of national Academies of Science in each Soviet republic (except for Russia), while delegating to it in many cases of the scientists of first order to live there and work there.

With the fall of the USSR, the Academy of Science of Russia was restored by a Presidential decree of the federation of Russia of the December 2nd 1991, and she inherited all the infrastructures of the Academy of Science of the USSR located on the Russian territory.

The Academy of Science of Russia gathers a great number of research institutes and teaching among which:

• the Institute of nuclear physics Budker

• the Institute physico-technique Ioffe
• the Institute of mathematics applied Keldysh
• the Institute of botany Komarov
• the Institute of precision mechanics and data processing Lebedev
• the Institute of physique Lebedev
• the Institute of theoretical physics Pram
• the Institute of mathematics Steklov
• the Institute of the forest Sukachev

The Institute of physics and technology of Moscow does not form part of the Academy of Science of Russia (it depends on the department of the education of the Federation of Russia), but the educational system (" Phystech System") use many institutes of the academy (as well as other institutions) like centers of teaching.

The institutes members of the academy are connected by a network of sciences of Russian space. This one connects today more than 3000 members, including 57 of the largest research institutes.

Anecdotes

• the Academy of Science of Russia gave also birth to famous a Video game, Tetris, conceived by one of its employees Alexey Pajitnov in 1985. The royalties of the play belonged de facto to the institute which negotiated the royalties in occident of them.

External bonds

• site of the Academy of Science of Russia

• Internet network of sciences of Russian space