Acétonitrile

The acétonitrile (methyl cyanide) is a chemical compound of CH3CN formula. This liquid colorless, of sweetened odor, is the nitrated organic compound simplest, and very often used as a solvent.

Industrial applications

It is used as solvent but also as reactional intermediary in the production of good number of chemical substances of the Pesticides to the Parfums. The tendency to the production of acétonitrile generally follows that of the Acrylonitrile. The 'larger producers of this molecule in the USA are INEOS, Dupont, J.T. Baker Chemical, and Chemicals Sterling. In 1992,14 700 tons of acetonitrile were produced in the United States.

Uses in laboratory

It is a solvent of choice to test an unknown chemical reaction. It is polar, and its liquid field is rather wide what makes it convenient. It dissolves a broad range of made up without encumbers, consequently with the presence of nonacid protons. The Acétone presents the same properties but it is more acid and more reagent towards the bases, and the nucleophilic ones. (Note: the pKa mentioned refers to that of the combined acid of the acétonitrile, not that of the molecule itself). In inorganic chemistry, the acetonitrile is very employed like ligand, is shortened MeCN. One uses it for example in the form PdCl2 (MeCN) 2 prepared by polymerization with backward flow of palladium dichloride in the acetonitrile. It is a common solvent in cyclic Voltampérométrie because of its relatively high permittivity. The acétonitrile is also often used in the columns of chromatography, and in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), where it is used as mobile phase for the separation of molecules.

Toxicity

It is toxic and flammable. It can penetrate by oral, cutaneous way or by inhalation. It is metabolized in Hydrocyanic acid and thiocyanate what makes of it a very dangerous compound for health.

External bonds

  • WebBook page for C2H3N
  • International Chemical Safety Card 0088
  • National Pollutant Inventory - Acetonitrile fact sheet
  • NIOSH Pocket Guides to Chemical Hazards
  • Fiche MSDS (acros)

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