Abû Al-Hassan `Ali Ben His `D called Moulay Hassan , Muley Hacén or Mulhacén by the Castilian , called El Viejo ( Old the ) is it twenty-and-unième emir nasride of Grenade. It reverses his father His `D Al-Musta `in (Ciriza) in August 1464. It is reversed by his son Mohammed XII az-Zughbî (Boabdil) called El Chico ( the Young person ) in 1482 and takes again the capacity in 1484 when his/her son is prisoner of the Kings of Castille. He dies in 1485. Mohammed az-Zaghall takes over temporarily the duties until 1487 when Boabdil is released.

Biography

The reign (1464 - 1482)

Abû Al-Hassan `Alî becomes emir de Grenade in August 1464, after having reversed his/her father His `D Al-Musta `in (Ciriza), with the support of Abencérages. The Moslem historians and the chronicles Castilians denounce manners dissolues of Abû Al-Hassan `Alî. The sultan has fun in company of singers and dancers. Its `D Al-Musta `in had married his/her son Abû Al-Hassan `Alî with the widow of Mohammed XI (El Chiquito) named Fátima (or `Â' icha Al-Horra according to the sources). With this union he undoubtedly hoped to arrive at a reconciliation between the Grenadian factions. Fátima and Abû Al-Hassan `Alî have two wire Mohammed future Mohammed XII az-Zughbî (Boabdil) and Yûsuf. Abû Al-Hassan `Alî becomes passionately in love with a Christian slave, Isabelle de Solis. She converts with Islam and takes the name of Soraya. Abû Al-Hassan `Alî repudiates his first wife.

It conducts campaigns against Castille and obtains even some successes. In 1469, Isabelle de Castille, in spite of the opposition of his/her brother the king Henri IV Marie with Ferdinand d' Aragon This marriage is put an end to the operations of Grenade which made use of the competition between the two kingdoms. This unification of the two kingdoms of Spain will lead to the disappearance of the emirate of Grenade in 1492.

In 1474, after the death Henri IV of Castille, Isabelle is proclaimed queen of Castille under the name of Isabelle {{Ire}} of Castille in the church of San Martín of Segovia. In 1481, the marquis of Cadiz, Rodrigo Ponce of León leaves Arcos of Frontera and organizes a forwarding against Ronda. It destroys the tower known as of the market. The Moslems of Round counteract while launching out the attack of the castle of Zahara of the Sierra which had become the prerogative of Ferdinand at the beginning of. December 27th, 1481, the detachments nasrides take the castle by surprise, kill with many Christians and take along a hundred and fifty prisoners to Ronda. Fifty riders and two hundred principal rafters defended Zahara and the provisioning of this fortress was carefully assured.

The conquest of Alhama

The marquis of Cadiz seeks to be avenged for the catch of Zahara. With Marchena, it joined together two thousand five hundred riders and three thousand infantrymen. Its army is guided by frontier spies, much of them are Moslem renegades. They take the mountainous paths of the area of Loja to mislead the monitoring of the Moslems. February 28th of 1482, at the end of two days of walk, they arrived at Alhama at the small day. Some men kill the Moslem sentinels and penetrate in the enclosure; They open the doors of the fortress and thus allow the marquis de Cadix and large of its troops to resemble in the fortress. The Moslems when they realize of what is occurring vainly try to defend themselves. They are obliged to fold up itself in Grenade. The Castilians plunder the city and make large spoils. They rectify the fortification by fear of against attack of the Moslems, in spite of that, four days later Abû Al-Hassan `Alî takes again the city.

The duke of Medina-Sidonia and the count of Cabra go to the help of the marquis and after twenty-five days of seat the Grenadians are obliged to withdraw itself (March 29th, 1482). For the nasrides, it is vital to recover Alhama which dominates the road of Grenade with Málaga and in Ronda. But all the attempts remain vain. This Moslem misfortune was told by an anonymous romancero of with for title “the great loss of Alhama”.

The battle of Loja

To consolidate their conquest, the catholic Kings decided to make the seat of the town of Loja, said the " key of Vallée". July 9th, 1482, the Castilians settle in a small planted valley of olive-trees and hills, with the foot of the fortress nasride of Loja. This fortified town is defended by one of the best Grenadian commanders: `Ali Al-Attar. This one, benefitting from a negligence of the invaders, makes an exit with infantrymen and riders attacking the camp of the Castilians directly. He thus manages to seize weapons, guns and materials which the Castilians had brought for their seat.

July 14th, 1482, the Christian armies are withdrawn. The same day arrives of Grenade the news of the escape from Alhambra of two wire of Abû Al-Hassan `Alî, Mohammed az-Zughbî (Boabdil) and Yûsuf. Their escape was supported by Fátima their mother and ex-wife of Abû Al-Hassan `Alî. The rebellious princes arrive at Guadix. Mohammed az-Zughbî (Boabdil) is recognized there like sovereign.

Historiography Castilian and the romantic literature explained the cause of rising by the competition which opposed the sultana Fátima to favorite Zoraya. Abencérages that Abû Al-Hassan “Ali had made decimate launched against him a plot whose principal instigator is Yûsuf ibn Kumasa (Abencomixa) a family member nasride. Yûsuf ibn Kumasa hated vizier Abû Al-Qasim Bannigas of disaster famous. This family member Bannigas rival of Abencérages was shown to make the play of the Castilians. The dissatisfied ones which is recruited as much among the noble Grenadians as in the humbler classes of the Albaicín, gather around Mohammed az-Zughbî and are decided with détrôner Abû Al-Hassan `Alî. Mohammed az-Zughbî is proclaimed sultan of Grenade by Abencérages on July 15th, 1482. After a furious battle in the streets of Grenade in which it was put in failure, Abû Al-Hassan `Alî flees of Grenade with his/her brother Mohammed az-Zaghall towards Málaga then towards Almería where it prepares to fight his son.

The reign of Boabdil (1482 - 1484)

See also: Boabdil, Mohammed az-Zughbî (Boabdil), First reign

In spring 1483, the marquis of Cadiz which had certain military successes, a battle in the area known as loses of the Axarquía. The battle of Axarquía is the last victory of the Moslems in the Al-Ándalus history

One month later, Boabdil, avid glory, Lucena attacks. It is a severe defeat for Nasrides. The sultan is made prisoner by the Castilians. As soon as it got informed about the catastrophe of Lucena, Abû Al-Hassan `Alî, which has the support of many inhabitants of Grenade hastens to take again its throne.

Captivity of Boabdil (1484 - 1485)

Abû Al-Hassan `Alî suffered from a serious disease; apparently an epilepsy suffered which involved it the loss of the sight and a species of general swelling. An anonymous Moslem chronicler sees in that a divine punishment. In addition, while making a pact with the Christians, Boabdil alienated the Grenadians. Several lawyers gave a sentence of reprobation in a Fatwa gone back to October 1483.

In September, the Castilians take Utrera and at the end of the month of October 1483, the marquis of Cadiz takes the fortress of Zahara whose fall in 1481 had unchained the war of Grenade.

The fall of Ronda

During the summer 1484, Castilian harassing begins again. September 21st, Ferdinand II, thanks to its artillery takes Setenil, with ten kilometers of Ronda. The Castilians devote the winter to the improvement of the machines of war and artillery.

May 8th, before guard Castilian under the orders of the marquis de Cadix arrives at Ronda. May 17th, with violent one shootings of artillery, the Christians demolish the enclosure of the city. 19, they cut the water provisioning to the city. Ronda capitulates on May 22nd. Its fall involved that of all the mountain as well as the capitulation of Marbella.

The emir Mohammed az-Zaghall Ben His `D younger brother of Abû Al-Hassan `Ali, with the support of vizier Abû Al-Qasim Bannigas, is made proclaim sultan. The Grenadians who estimate it much call it Az-Zaghall ( the Courageous ). He relegates the deposed sultan Abû Al-Hassan `Alî to Almuñécar where this one resides until its death. Mohammed az-Zaghall will take over temporarily the duties of the capacity until the release of Boabdil in 1487.

The legend

The legend tells that Abû Al-Hassan `Alî was buried on highest summon Sierra Nevada, the mount Mulhacén (3 482 m) which bears its name.

Mohammed XII az-Zughbî (Boabdil) shift her father in 1482. It is made prisoner by the Castilians in 1484. Abû Al-Hassan `Alî takes over temporarily the duties until his death in 1485.

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