Abû Bakr “have-Siddîq” Ben Abî Quhâfa Abû Bakr , Abû Bakr or Aboubéker called have-Siddîq , is the first man to have embraced Islam and that without any hesitation. He was the father-in-law of Mohammed (father of Aïcha). He was born with Mecque towards 573 and died in Médine in 634. He was the first Caliph of the Islam, of 632 with 634.

Its name means “the man with chamelle” (or with the chamelon): it would have had a big number of Chameau X of which it took great care. Its name is at the origin of the names Boubaker, Boubakeur (North Africa) and Boubacar (Black Africa). The Sunnites gave him the nickname of Have-Siddîq , and its descendants are called the Siddîqî .

Succession

It was the first to embrace the Islam, whereas he was merchant with Mecque. At the time of the Hégire, it left Mecque to settle with the prophet Mohammed with Médine. During the disease which was fatal for him, this last indicated Abû Bakr to direct the prayers in its absence. With died of the Prophet, Abû Bakr becomes the first Caliph, choice ratified by the companions of the Prophet, but disputed by the Chiite S and the Kharidjite S.

Policy

Abû Bakr is seen inheriting in (632), of the title of Caliph it is the Messenger of Allah, the Prophète Mohamed, who named it. It represses the revolts of tribes of Hedjaz and Nejd, the first rejecting Islam and the second refusing to pay the Zakat. It meets strong oppositions of any share but surmounts them. Most serious opposition coming from Musaylima overcome by Khalid ibn Al-Walid to the Al-Yamâma battle.

After this Al-Yamâmah battle against Musaylima, during which nearly 1200 Moslems including 39 large Companions and 70 Masters-récitateurs of Coran lost the life, `Omar incited Abû Bakr to consider the safeguarding of the revealed verses. It is with Zayd ibn Thâbit that échut the task to compile the whole of the verses in only one book. This book, when it was completed, was kept by Hafsa, girl of Omar, and one of the wives of Prophète Mohamed.

As for the continuation of repressions the Arabia was entirely subjected, it trained its generals with the conquest from abroad. The Iraq was taken with the Perse by Khalid ibn Al-Walid in only one shift at the time of the Bataille of Al-Qadisiyya and another victorious forwarding was carried out in Syria under the reign of `Omar.

Death

Abû Bakr died the August 23rd 634 with Médine. Little before its death, it made of Omar her successor after having consulted the close and influential companions. Abû Bakr is buried in a room contiguous to the Mosque of the Prophet, Masjid Al-Nabawi, on the right of the tomb of the Prophet Mohammed and on the left of that of Omar.

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