Abdominal

see also: Etymology of Abdominal

By substantivation in the language running, the abdominal (shortened abdo or " abdos") are Muscle S striated located in the middle of the body. They extend from the Thorax to the higher edge of the Bassin. One calls also " abdominaux" exercises of Musculation intended for muscler the abdominal ones.

The abdominal are the most used muscles. They make it possible our body to carry out the rotation movements and of Inclinaison. They play a very important part in the balance of the basin, the posture, statics of the Spinal column, but also in the Expiration forced in direct Antagonisme with the Diaphragme.

They are with the number of Eight, laid out symmetrically. The abdominal ones are made of a whole of four muscles of the different types:

the right abdomen (Now called musculus rectus abdominis )
the external oblique of the abdomen (Now called Large oblique )
the internal oblique of the abdomen (Now called Small oblique )
the transverse abdomen (Now called Transverse )

==Le large droit==

The musculus rectus abdominis is at the former part of the abdomen. It is an even muscle which is contained in the resistant aponevrotic sheath, the sheath rectusienne which intersects on the level of the line of centers to form the white line (tended appendix xiphoïde to the pubic symphyse).

Its origin is done by three fleshy digitations on the level of the external faces of coasts 5 and 6 like out of the 7 costal cartilage and the appendix xiphoïde. From there, it extends vertically to the bottom (its width being decreasing of its proximale insertion to its distal insertion), it broad, will be flattened and intersected by 4 to 5 tendineuses intersections (those do not go to the deep face of the muscle but fit despite everything on the sheath rectusienne) of which 3 will be know-umbilical. The musculus rectus abdominis of the abdomen then will finish on the pubic tuberosity and surface symphysaire.

The musculus rectus abdominis two, are distributed on both sides white line. This muscle will be innervé by the 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 intercostaux nerves (T5-T12). It will be responsible for the retroversion of the basin, if one takes the thorax like fixed point, and of the former inflection of the rachis if the fixed point is with the basin.

Large the oblique

This muscle covers the front and the side of the abdomen, of the musculus rectus abdominis of the abdomen until the large dorsal one ( latissimus dorsi ).

It sticks on the 7 last coasts in alternation with the large one notched ( serratus anterior ) and the large dorsal one ( latissumus dorsi ), and on the iliaque peak. The fibers finish on the aponévrose large oblique and both aponévroses of large the oblique meet to form the white line of the abdomen. When the two sides contract the muscles bend the trunk. The fibers are oblique and involve the trunk in side slope on the same side and rotation on the opposite side.

Small the oblique

Located under large the oblique, small the oblique sticks in bottom on the femoral arcade, the iliaque peak and the lumbar aponévrose.

Its fibers finish on the 4 last coasts and the aponévrose of small the oblique. The fibers move in range and their action on only one side allows the side slope and the rotation of the trunk on side. When the two sides are in action and if the basin is fixed, small the obliques bend the trunk forwards.

If the basin and the vertebrae are fixed, it is then muscle expirator.

The transverse

The transverse is the deepest muscle of the whole of the abdominal ones. He is regarded as one of the stabilizing muscles of the trunk. To their origin his fibers stick:

on the deep face of the 7 last coasts,
on the 5 lumbar vertebrae,
on the iliaque peak,
on the femoral arcade.

And finish on a former aponévrose which joined that of the transverse opposed to the level of the white line of the abdomen. The fibers are with horizontal and when they are contracted reduce the diameter of the abdominal area while returning the belly. The transverse is the muscle which causes the action to cough.

So that the abdominal ones are visible, the rate of grease must be lower than 10% at the man and 15% at the woman.

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