This page relates to the year 860 Calendrier Julien.

Events

Asia

• Reign of Yi-tsong, emperor Tang of China (fine in 873). Buddhism finds its influence.

• an inscription of Java Is mentions, in a list of servants, the word " Jenggi ", i.e. " Zeng ", testifying to the existence of commercial relations with the east coast of Africa.

Europe

• the very hard Winter 859-860, probably coldest of the 9th century.

• Discovered Iceland by Norwegians of Nadoddrr rejected by the storm. They would have baptized the country Snaeland , Pays of snow. Another tradition allots to a Swede, Gardarr Svávarsson, the discovery of the island. One of the first pioneers would be the Norwegian Flóki Vilgerdharsson towards 870. It finds an hunting ground and fishing, but the rigorous winter makes him lose all its cattle fault of sufficient fodder. It gives to the island its final name, Island, Country-of-Ice .

• Beginning of the reign of Ethelbert king of Wessex, in England (fine in 866).
• Norwegian Principality in the the Orkneys. A prince originating in Möre (Norway of the West) is entitled jarl . Celtic and Scandinaves create an original civilization.
• the Rús Riourik founds Novgorod (Holmgardhr) which becomes principality in 862.

Worsen Carolingian

• the Viking S, after having wintered in the Camargue, go to Arles and Nimes, go up the the Rhone and are driven back with Romans by Girart of Roussillon, count of Vienna.
• Charles the Bald person pay tribute with the Danes (Danegeld, 860 - 861, 862 and 866).
• to deny oneself the incursions Normans, Charles the Bald person orders the construction of bridges strengthened on the the Seine, the Oise, the Marne and the the Loire.

Worsen Byzantine

• the Slavic of Kiev and the Varègue S organize a maritime forwarding against Constantinople ordered by Askold and Dir. In the absence of the emperor Michel III, the city is easily besieged, but a strong storm moves away the invaders who undergo a serious defeat on ground. The Byzantines allot this fortuitous circumstance to the intercession of the virgin and the episode will be commemorated under the name of festival of Pokrov (veil) (860 - 861).
• the victorious wars after years 860 provide to the Empire considerable quantities slaves.

• Thorough Arab in Anatolia supported by the Pauliciens of Karbeas.

• the patriarch Photios organizes the mission of Cyrille and Méthode near the Slaves (evangelization of the Dalmatie, of the Hungary, the Poland, the the Crimea and the Khazars, translation of the bible in Slavon). Cyrille goes to the Khazars where it disputes in front of the sovereign with the Masters Juifs, in Hebrew.

• Evêché of Khôrtizon (Chersonèse).

Sciences and literature

• Of works of Galien and Hippocrates is translated into Arabic by Hunayn Ibn Ishak.
• Ibn Qutaybah writes a summary of Arab science.
• Publication of the Kitab Al-hiyal ( Books of the artifices ), first Mechanical treaty of Arabic written.

Births in 860

• Eudes, king de France.

Death in 860

• Ethelbald, king of Wessex.

• Harald Klack, king of Denmark. It had tried to make évangéliser the Denmark by saint Anschaire.

Map-bms: 860