1998

This page relates to the year 1998 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Europe

European Union

  • January 12th: The Europe says not to the human Clonage.

  • March 16th: After ultimate a Devaluation, the Drachme the Greece enters the European Monetary System.
  • March 25th: 11 Member States of are qualified for the first phase of the single currency.
  • March 30th: Beginning of the process of widening of the EU with Central European countries.
  • April 10th: Historical peace agreement with Belfast between catholics and Protestants, under the aegis of Tony Blair.
  • May 1st: The European Council, bringing together the Heads of States or government, decides list of the eleven countries “in” economic and monetary Union or Euro area: Germany, Austria, Belgium, Spain, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Portugal. The United Kingdom and Denmark, still prefer to wait under the terms of the clause of opting out . Greece is not retained because it does not respect the criteria of convergence (it will join the euro area on January 1st, 2001). Sweden decides against an adhesion with the UEM in the immediate future. Wim Duisenberg is named president of the European Central bank.
  • May 11th: The first part in Euro is struck.
  • May 22nd:
    • broad yes with the referendum organized on the peace treaty in Ulster.
    • Opening of the international exhibition of Lisbon.
  • June 1st:
    • Entered according to the European Central bank.
    • the European Cour of the human rights is made permanent.
  • June, Italy: Failure of the bicameral Parliamentary commission, scuttled by Silvio Berlusconi.
  • July 23rd, Belgium: The Walloon region fixes by decree (law) its feastday, its anthem, and its emblems.
  • July 25th, Italy: Law Turco-Napoletano on immigration.
  • August 15th, Ulster: A dissenting branch of WILL GO makes in Omagh the most fatal attack: 29 dead.
  • August: The Lire joined EMS and Italy uses the European monetary Union.
  • September 16th, Basque Country: The ETA issues an unilateral truce and unlimited.
  • September 20th, Portugal: The president Amílcar Cardoso request international assistance to face the monetary crisis which shakes the country.
  • October 9th, Italy: Fall of the government of Romano Prodi, Rifondazione Comunista having refused to him its support of a way at the time of the vote of the finance law for 1999.
  • October 16th, Italy: A former Communist, Massimo D' Alema, is charged to form the new government.
  • November 10th: Final stage of the negotiations for adhesion, for 2006-2007, of six countries of Eastern Europe: Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovenia.
  • November 23rd: Lifting of the embargo on the British bovine meat.
  • December 11th: European Summit of Vienna, not of agreement on the diary 2000.
  • December 23rd: Fusion in Europe of the groups Matra (France), GEC (the United Kingdom), DASA/Daimler-Chrysler aerospace (Germany) and Finmeccanica (Italy).

Germany

France

See also: 1998 in France

Great Britain

Swiss

See also: 1998 in Switzerland

the Vatican

Eastern Europe

Kosovo
  • February 28th: Confrontation armed, 2  000 people killed by the Serb police force and militia, 250  000 refugees in Albania (February-March 1998).
  • April: Beginning of the confrontations between the Serb army and the militants of the UCK (armed with release of the Kosovo) with the Kosovo, until August 1998.
  • June 8th: The European Union and the United States impose sanctions on the Serbia because of its policy with the Kosovo.
  • September 23rd: The safety advice of UNO requires the withdrawal of the Serb forces of the Kosovo and opening of negotiations.
  • October 13rd: The Serb president Slobodan Milošević accepts of the American emissary Richard Holbrooke the principle of the sending of a mission of the SOEC (organization for safety and the co-operation in Europe) to the Kosovo.
  • October 24th: UNO grants to NATO the right to take the “appropriate measures” to force Belgrade to respect its engagements concerning Kosovo.

Russia
  • January 1st: Adoption of a “new rouble” being worth 1000 old.
  • March 23rd: Boris Ieltsine names Sergueï Kirienko like Prime Minister in the place of Viktor Tchernomyrdine.
  • May 27th: First steps of the financial crisis in Russia, the Central bank carry its interest rates to 150  %.
  • July 12th: Releasing of funds of the the IMF to save the situation in Russia.
  • July 13rd: Russia obtains an agreement of assistance of the the IMF and the World Bank.
  • August 17th: Collapse of the monetary and financial system Russian, suspension of the refunding of the debt of the country.
  • September 11th: The Douma accepts the nomination of Evgueni Primakov at the post of Prime Minister in Russia.
  • October 31st: Russian the Prime Minister Evguenni Primakov presents his programme of measurements against the economic crisis which its country passes through.

Africa

The Middle East & Arab world

Iraq

  • January 13rd: Beginning of an important crisis enters the Iraq and the the United States in connection with controls of the Iraqi strategic sites by the experts of UNO (January 14th/February 23rd 1998).
  • February 23rd: Kofi Annan, general secretary of UNO, defuses the crisis between the Iraq and the the United States: the commission of inspection of UNO resume their work (March).
  • August: The Iraq refuses the access of UNSCOM to certain sites and suspends its co-operation with work of the commission.
  • November: Renewal of tension enters the the United States and the Iraq. UNO withdraws its personnel of Iraq but Baghdad yields and accepts the return of the U.N. personnel.
  • 16 - December 19th: Air attack of the American and British forces on Iraq.
    • Mid-December, Butler publishes a report in which he denounces the lack of cooperation of Iraq and request the immediate withdrawal of the personnel. Being based on report/ratio, the British and the Americans launch the peration of air raid “Fox of the Desert”. While France remains measured, China and Russia condemn this operation without mandate of UNO. The raids last a few days but the political dead end is total. Iraq refuses any return of the UNSCOM and thus recovers its independence in the field of the armament.
  • December 26th: Baghdad refuses to recognize the zones of air exclusions.

Raising

  • January: Israel rejects a sedentary cooperation agreement between Israeli and Palestinian generals.
  • July 16th: Visit of the Syrian president Hafez el-Assad in France.
  • October 23rd: Agreements of Wye Plantation between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Transfer to the Palestinian part of 13% of the zone C of Oslo II towards the zone has (1%) and the zone B (12%). Collaboration between Israel and the United States on the sedentary questions. The Palestinian authority is summoned to carry out a total fight against terrorism, in collaboration with the United States (the CIA). Installation of a américano-israélo-Palestinian commission, opening of transportation routes between Israel and the Gaza Strip.
    • the Israeli line and the colonists rise against this agreement. Benyamin Netanyahou delays the ratification of it.
  • November 6th: An attack with Jerusalem makes 21 wounded Israelis.
  • November 11th: The Israeli government approves the agreement of Wye Plantation while adding to it of new conditions (begun again colonization), then the Parliament ratifies the agreement.
  • November 20th: The Israeli withdrawals start.
  • November 24th:
    • the airport of Gaza is opened with the international traffic.
    • Lebanon: Beginning of the presidency of Emile Lahoud, imposed by the Syria. He is opposed to the president of the council Rafiq Hariri which refuses to continue its functions.
  • December 2nd, Lebanon: Lahoud replaces Rafiq Hariri by Salim el-Hoss.
  • At the beginning of December, Israel lays down new conditions and suspends the withdrawals. Mid-December, the Parliament east dissolves and the application of the Accords of Wye Plantation is cold. The legislative elections are fixed at the May 17th 1999.

  • the Israeli government proposes the creation of Large a Jerusalem by doubling the surface of the agglomeration by the annexation of new Arab territories.

  • Ankara multiplies the threats of conflict against the Syria if Damas does not put fine at its supports with PKK. Damas is obliged to incline itself, and the chief of the PKK leaves the Lebanon for the Kenya.

Asia & India

Kampuchea

  • April 15th: Died of Pol Pot. The movement of the Khmer Rouge disintegrates.
  • July 26th: Legislative elections: The PC or Prachéachon (Left the Kampuchean people, with Hun Sen) gained 41,42  % of the voices, and obtained 64 seats out of the 122 which compose the National Assembly. Funcinpec (United front for neutral, peaceful and co-operative Kampuchea, of the prince Norodom Ranariddh) collected 31,70  % of the voices, and obtains 43 seats. The PSR (Started from Sam Rainsy), obtains 14,75 of the voices and 15 seats. If the PC holds the absolute majority with the Parliament, an unfortunate article of the Constitution of 1993 obliges the formation of the government in the majority of the two-thirds, therefore requires a coalition government. Linked, the opposition would have been victorious. Overcome, it holds the winner as an hostage.
  • September 8th: After fourteen days of unusual patience, the government uses the police force to disperse the demonstrators of the opposition, who camped Place of the Democracy with Phnom Penh, in an uninterrupted “sit-in” in front of the National Assembly.
  • December 15th: ASEAN defers the adhesion of the Kampuchea.

China

  • March 5th:
    • Chinese the Prime Minister Li Peng announces a series of reforms.
    • official Creation with Guangzhou of the consortium DRM: DIGITAL Radio World for the development of a world numerical standard of broadcasting in short waves, average and long.
  • March 17th: Zhu Rongji new Prime Minister to replace Li Peng.
  • June 25th: Visit US president Bill Clinton in China (June 25th - July 3rd).
  • October 14th: End of the third plenum of XVe congress of the Chinese Communist party.
  • December, Tibet: Prohibition partial of forestry development. The exploitation continues however. Deforestation increases the erosion of the grounds and the risks of violent floods for the countries of South Asia, of South-east like for China of the plains. In forty years, the forest cover of Tibet is estimated to have declined of 25,2 million ha to 13,57 million ha, and 18 million cubic meters of barks would have been transported of Tibet of South-east to China.

Indian Sub-continent

Indonesia

  • January 8th: Collapse of the rupiah Indonesia. It loses 70% of its value compared to the dollar between July 1997 and May 1998. During the Asian Crise 39% of Indonésiens lives in lower part of the poverty line.
  • March 10th: Re-election of the president indonésien Soeharto.
  • May 4th: Beginning of bloody riots (500 dead).
  • May 21st: Resignation of Soeharto, replaced by its vice-president, B.J. Habibie.

Japan

  • April 3rd: The Yen has low reached its level for 7 years: 135 yens for 1 $.
  • April 5th: Inauguration of the the longest Suspended bridge: the Bridge Akashi-Kaikyō.
  • May 29th: Amplification of the crisis, more 4  % of unemployed.
  • June 13rd: Announces of a historical fall of Japanese GDP.
  • July 13rd: Resignation of Japanese the Prime Minister Ryūtarō Hashimoto, following the defeat of the democratic Liberal party with the senatorial elections.
  • October 8th: Visit with the Japan of the South Korean president Kim Dae-Jung.
  • November 16th: New revival program of an amount of 1.000 Mandelevium FRF

Americas

Latin America

  • Propagation of the economic crisis of Asia towards the Latin America and Russia. Massive assistance of the IMF in Brazil.

Canada

  • January 6th with the January 10th: The south of the Quebec especially, but also part of the Ontario and the close United States receive from 50 mm to 105 mm of Verglas, causing the breaking of the lines of transport of electricity and depriving of current more than four million people for periods going until several weeks according to the area.

the United States

  • January 5th: Beginning of the episode of massive Glaze of 1998 with the North-East of the North America during 5 days.
  • January 7th: Deposition of Monica Lewinsky putting in difficulty Bill Clinton in the business Paula Jones.
  • January 17th: Bill Clinton denies, under oath, to have had sexual relationships with Monica Lewinsky.
  • May 11th: Unemployment with low since 1970: (4,3  %).
  • May 16th: The government of American worries about the monopoly of data-processing matter Microsoft.
  • May 27th: Of a budget surplus record (39 Mds of dollar) announces.
  • June: Foundation of the Radical Black Congress with Chicago.
  • September 9th: The prosecutor Kenneth Starr delivers 36 paperboards of documents, results of his investigation on the connection between the president Bill Clinton, and an obscure trainee of the White House, Monica Lewinsky.
  • September 11th: Diffusion on Internet of the report/ratio on the business Monica Lewinsky.
  • September 23rd: The Federal Reserve Bank of New York organizes in the urgency the rescue of the Hedge fund Long Term Capital Management, holder of more than 100 billion dollars positions on the bond markets, in quasi-bankruptcy.
  • October 3rd: Meeting with Washington of G7, in full context of stock exchange crisis. But it does not make any concrete decision.
  • October 8th: Opening of a procedure of Impeachment against Bill Clinton, within the framework of the Business Lewinski.
  • October 19th: Lawsuit against the firm Microsoft Corporation of Bill Gates, shown situation of monopoly.
  • November: Renewal of tension enters the the United States and the Iraq.
  • November 3rd: The legislative elections are marked by a stagnation of the Republican party, which however preserves the majority at the Congress but which does not benefit from a Lewinski effect.

  • Poor People' S Economic Human Right Campaign (PPEHRC).

  • the United States devotes 229 billion dollars (constant 1992) to defense, that is to say 5,7% of GDP. In 1989, the resources devoted to defense were of 338 billion dollars (3,2% of the GDP). But in the same amount of time, the share of the military expenditure compared to the rest of the world passed from 28% to 32%.
  • Grandes fusions: Exxon - Mobil, Citicorp-Travelers Group, NationsBank - BankAmerica, Daimler-Benz - Chrysler.

Oceania & the Pacific

New Caledonia

  • May 5th: Signature of the Agreements of Noumea.
  • July 6th: The joined together congress with Versailles approves the agreements on the New Caledonia.
  • November 8th: Approval by French referendum of the agreements of Noumea (72  %), envisaging the emancipation of the territory.

New Guinea-News-Guinea

  • July 17th: Two seisms magnitude 7.1 start a Raz-de-marée on the northern coast.

Economy

  • January 1st: Decision of OPEC, guided by the Saudi Arabia, to raise its production of 10%. The oil price passes from 19 dollars the barrel in October 1997 to 12 dollars in August 1998. It crumbles until falling in lower part from 10 in in February 1999, but in August, it goes up above 20 dollars, to reach 30 dollars in February 2000, OPEC having succeeds in obtaining its members the respect of engagements of production reduction, whereas the world demand is hardened.

  • March 22nd: Beginning of a concerted fall of the production of oil, following the fall of the prices.
  • April 28th: Suspension of the negotiations for the signature of the Multilateral agreement on the Investments (FRIENDLY).
  • May 7th: Historical fusion between the car manufacturers Daimler-Benz and Chrysler announces.
  • June 2nd: 86e International Conference of Work: convention prohibiting the most dangerous forms of the Work the children.
  • August 11th: Repurchase of Amoco by BP.
  • August 20th: Beginning of stock exchange panic following the crisis in Russia, Wall Street loses 15  %.
  • September:
    • Agreement between Stock Exchange of London and Frankfurt to form a European money market.
    • Crash of all the stock exchange places (at the end of September at the beginning of October).
  • October 20th: Discrete burial of the Multilateral agreement on the Investments (FRIENDLY), on the initiative in particular of France.
  • October 29th: Decision to build a Pipeline from the Central Asia towards Turkey.
  • November 17th: Meeting of the APEC with Kuala Lumpur, the organization proves to be impotent vis-a-vis the crisis.
  • November 30th: Deutsche Bank repurchases Bankers Group, which makes the first world banking group of it.
  • December: Fusion of Exxon and Mobil, which were the first two American companies.
  • December 9th: The barrel of petrol of have brent master key for the first time for twelve years under the bar of the 10 $.

Chronologies sets of themes

Arts & culture

See also: 1998 with the cinema, 1998 in music, 1998 in literature, 1998 with the theater, 1998 as a cartoon, 1998 on television

Sport

  • June 6th: The Spanish tennis player Arantxa Sanchez gains the Tournoi of Roland Garros for the second time.
  • June 7th: The Spanish tennis player Carlos Moya gains the tournament of Roland-Garros.
  • June 9th: Opening ceremony from World the 98 of Football.
  • July 12th: Finally World 98 of football, the team of France beats the Brésil at the time of the finale of the 16th football world cup 3 goals with 0.

Bullfighting

Price

Nobel Prize

Medal Fields

Births in 1998

April

Death in 1998

First quarter

Second quarters

Third quarters

Fourth quarters

Beats-smg: 1998 Be-X-old: 1998 Cbk-zam: 1998 Map-bms: 1998 Nds-nl: 1998 Simple: 1998 Zh-min-nan: 1998 nor Zh-yue: 1998 年

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