1986

This page relates to the year 1986 Gregorian Calendrier. For the number 1986, to see 1986 (number)

Events

  • January 18th: American-Soviet resumption of negotiations on the euro missiles stopped since 1980.
  • February 9th: Passage of the Halley's Comet.
  • April 26th: Major nuclear accident in the USSR with world repercussions. See Catastrophe of Tchernobyl.
  • July: The barrel of Pétrole goes down for the first time under the 10 Dollar s.C' is oil the “counterblow” related to the opening of the valves carried out by the Saudi Arabia.
  • 11 - October 12th: Gorbatchev meets Reagan with Reykjavík and exchanges with him new proposals for a reduction of the armaments. The negotiations stumble on the Soviet request to limit the research and the tests of the strategic Initiative of defense (IDS).
  • November 28th: The the United States cease respecting agreements START II by bringing into service new a B-52 equipped with cruise missiles.
  • Beginning with Punta del Este of the Uruguay Round within the framework of GATT.
  • the Nobel Prize of peace is allotted to Elie Wiesel.

Africa

  • January 29th: Yoweri Museveni, chief of the national army of resistance (NRA) reaches the presidency of the republic of the Uganda in prey to the civil war after its military victory.
  • 13 - February 14th, Chad: Operation Sparrowhawk after the crossing of the 16th parallel by the Libyan armed forces in the north of the Chad.
  • April 15th: Massive raid of the United States Air Force on Tripoli in Libya in reprisals of terrorist activities. Air confrontation américano-Libyan in the gulf of Syrte. The bombardment makes a hundred victims according to diplomats in place with Tripoli. The residence of Kadhafi is aimed and one of his/her adopted girls is killed.
  • May 6th: Sadeq Al-Mahdi becomes Prime Minister with the Sudan. It is reversed in 1989 by the general Omar to el-Béchir following her alliance with the integrist Moslems.
  • June 12th: State of emergency in South Africa. Negotiation enters ANC and the South-African mode. Creation of the Committee of the Heads of State charged to follow the evolution of the South Africa.

Americas

The United States

  • Tax reform in summer: without changing the amount of the re-entries, it moves partially the weight of the individuals of them towards the companies; it envisages an extension of the exemptions in favor of most underprivileged, a strong reduction of progressiveness and a widening of the plate.

  • September 26th: William Rehnquist, president of the Supreme court.
  • Under the pressure of the public opinion, the Congress vote of the economic sanctions against the South Africa in spite of the veto of Ronald Reagan.
  • 11 - October 12th: Failure of the top of Reykjavík with the Soviet Union on disarmament.
  • November 3rd: Release of the Iran-contragate by an article of a Lebanese magazine. Reagan is shown secretly to have authorized deliveries of weapons to the Iran, initially in the hope to tie bonds with moderated Iranian, then to obtain the release of American hostages held by groups Lebanese. The profits drawn from these deliveries were used to finance a private paramilitary infrastructure developped at the point by the administration to ensure a maximum freedom to him vis-a-vis the Congress and in particular to subsidize the Contras Nicaragua in 1984 - 1985.
  • November 4th: The democrats become again majority with the Sénat.

  • Fall of the dollar.

Latin America

  • January 14th: Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo, nephew of the former president Juan Jose Arévalo Bermejo, president of the Guatemala (fine in 1991). The democratic regime runs up against the power of the soldiers, supported by the principal landowners of the country.

  • January 27th: Crisis with the Honduras at the time of the succession of Suazo. The army can solve it with authority.

  • February 7th: In Haiti, the dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier says “Baby Doc.” is constrained at the beginning. A short period of democracy settles. Henri Namphy, President of Haiti (fine in 1988).
  • March 1st, Brazil: Jose Sarney announces the Cruzado Plan to rectify the economy by eliminating inflation. A new currency, the cruzado, is created, which replaces the cruzeiro. The prices of the rents are cold, the wages and foreign exchange rates are stabilized and the mechanisms of indexing are removed. But its application gives birth to from new problems: the revival of consumption makes increase the imports, therefore inflation. It decreases initially before rebounding on levels superior of before the reform. The President lengthens the completion periods of his plan, which involves its failure.
  • 24 - May 25th: First top for the peace of Esquipulas of the leaders centraméricains convened by the Guatemalan president Vinicio Cerezo, which seeks to leave its country insulation.
  • October 11th: Coming into effect of the Convention for the Protection and the Development of the Maritime environment of the area of Large Caribbean the , known as Convention of Carthagène, only obligatory regional environmental treaty.
  • November 15th, Brazil: Victoire of PMDB, combined with the president Jose Sarney, the elections.
  • December 5th: Raúl Alfonsín declares that the time of the reconciliation between civilian and soldiers came.
    • the Argentinian government , which struggles in the economic difficulties, is anxious to reduce the number of lawsuits.
  • Argentinian December 24th, : A law fixes a two months deadline for the recording of the complaints against the exactions made between 1976 and 1983 ( Ley de Punto Final ). The law has as a direct consequence to force justice to concentrate on the most important cases and to accelerate the procedures. More than 400 soldiers and police officers are accused in an expeditious way, which causes the fury of the army.

  • the general Camps, former chief of the police force of the Province of Buenos Aires, is condemned to 25 years of prison.

  • Creation of Funds of a company urgently in Bolivia.
  • the Brazil account 136 million inhabitants. About half of the population has less than 20 years. The under-employment increases. In 35% of the hearths (11 million), the income is lower than half of the wages vital minimum.

Asia

  • Ouverture of the border enters both Korea to the separate families.

Indian sub-continent

  • political Degradation in India:
    • February: The Minister for Oil and Gas issues an increase in the tariffs: this decision raises a storm of protest encouraged by the Parti of the Congress itself.
    • Estrangement between Rajiv Gandhi and his/her cousin Arun Nehru. Cabinet reshuffle.
    • Business Bofors.

  • September 5th: Four hijackers seize a Boeing 747 of the Side Am to Karachi (Pakistan); the Pakistani army gives the attack: 21 died, a hundred casualties.

  • November 17th: Second top of SAARC to Bangalore. To satisfy the Tamouls with India, Rajiv Gandhi request with the president of the Sri Lanka Junius Richard Jayawardene to make new proposals with the Tigers (separatist movement Tamoul in Sri Lanka), which reject them. Their chief Velupillai Prabhakaran leaves the Tamil Nadu to take refuge in his fortress of Jaffna in January 1987.

Southeast Asia

  • February 25th: Election of Cory Aquino with the Filipino , where the democracy is restored. End of the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.

    • Yielding to the pressure of the United States, Marcos organizes an anticipated presidential election, during which the opposition is represented by Corazón Aquino (known as Cory), the widow of Benigno Aquino, Jr.. Marcos fakes the vote and is declared re-elected, but the population reacts while going down in the street to support a movement of revolt launched by a section of the army. The soldiers loyal supporters refuse confrontation with crowd and certain members of the government affirm their support for Cory Aquino. Capitulating to the “revolution of the popular capacity”, Marcos escapes and is exiled with Hawaii, where he dies in 1989.

  • August 5th, Thailand: The general Prem Tinsulanonda dissolves the National Assembly and organizes new elections. Its party carries it but, not obtaining the majority of the votes, it must reform a coalition government.

  • October 29th: The president Souphanouvong resigns and passes the capacity to the Laos. The economic situation is so catastrophic that the new government of Kaysone Phomvihane engages a policy of economic liberalization and privatizations, to reduce its dependence with respect to Vietnam.

  • the general secretary of the Vietnamese Communist party Nguyen Van Linh lance DOI mói , reform program economic aiming removing the planning system centralized and at encouraging the private company (as well as the overseas investments). DOI mói will be really concretized starting from 1989 and the government will engage all its forces there. DOI mói (“restoration”) attacks the bad management, with excesses of centralization, the wastings, corruption; the managers of the government enterprises see themselves granting more autonomy vis-a-vis the local leaders of the party; small workshops and private trade are authorized; free zones accommodate the overseas investments.

Europe

  • September 22nd: End of the CDE (conference on disarmament in Europe) of Stockholm, agreement between the 35 countries.
  • November 4th: Third Conference on safety and the co-operation in Europe (CSCE) with Vienna.

Eastern Europe

  • Release of the Polish political prisoners.
  • Bulgaria: The policy of bulgarisation implemented since 1984 runs up against the hostility of the populations. Violent demonstrations are repressed hard making more than one hundred died in the worldwide. The minorities Turkish, Armenian, Jewish, Greek Rumanian and gypsies compose in all 15% of the population of the country. The Bulgarian Communist party refuses the existence of a strong Turkish community which it perceives like a serious threat, regarding them as one “5th column” in social fabric of the country, fascinating like reference occupation of part of the island of Cyprus by the Turkish troops in 1974 to support the Turkish Cypriot population.
  • In Yugoslavia, the Serb Academy of Sciences and Arts critical the monopoly of the communist League and requires liberal reforms; in Slovenia, the journalists are exempted to adhere to the Marxism-Leninism. The Yugoslav army, dominated by the Serb ones, sees this evolution of an evil eye.

Soviet Union

  • February - Mars: Renewal of the Soviet leaders during the 27e congress of the party. 44% of the elected officials are new heads, against 28% with the elections of 1981. Many conservatives are drawn aside, and the partisans of the Glasnost are named with the direction of the principal media.

  • April 20th: Concert with Moscow of the pianist Vladimir Horowitz after 61 years of exile.
  • April 26th: Explosion of the nuclear plant of Tchernobyl, the USSR, which makes 32 dead and 200 wounded according to the authorities ( to see the Catastrophe of Tchernobyl ).
  • December 6th: Serge Arto has creates Arbatr (Russian Арбатр ) - the first and last independent association painters in Soviet Union.
  • December 23rd: Andrei Sakharov and Elena Bonner returns of their interior exile to Gorki.

Western Europe

  • October 27th: Big Bang with the Stock Exchange London. The City, center of the market of the Euro-dollar S, must be reformed and yield to the spirit of time favorable to the market: the fixed commissions are replaced by variable remunerations; the distinction established between jobbers (wholesalers in actions) and brokers (broker or stockbroker) is abolished; the foreign firms can easily take foot with London Stock Exchange; the money market works from now on uninterrupted.

  • the United Kingdom: The Foreign Office into practice puts for the first time the method of the genetic prints on immigrants coming from the Bangladesh, approximately ten thousand annually.

  • Referendum with the Denmark: 56,2% of the Danes wish to remain in Europe in spite of a nationalist fort running.
  • Négociation enters the Spanish government and the ETA.
  • Seat is sold with Volkswagen.

France

See also: 1986 in France

Swiss

See also: 1986 in Switzerland

Italy
  • February: Lawsuit of 475 mafiosi with Naples.
  • April 13rd:
    • the the Vatican publishes a Instruction on Christian freedom and the release , where the recourse of oppressed to resistance is not excluded.
    • First visit of one pope to the Large synagog of Rome.
  • May 1st, Tokyo: Italy is allowed in the financial directory of the “Group of the Five”.
  • June: Resignation of Bettino Craxi following the rejection of its reform project tax by its own majority.
  • July: The trade unions of the public sector sign with their ministers an agreement of renunciation of the wild strikes.
  • August: Bettino Craxi reforms a government, whose term is fixed at March 1987 by agreement written with the Christian Democrat (stafetta, passage of the relay).
  • October 27th: The pope Jean-Paul II brings together with Assise the representatives of all the religions, in a “top” in favor of peace and universal fraternity.
  • November: A commission of magistrates moves with Rome to hear there three ministers, of which Giulio Andreotti (Business foreign), elected of Sicily, suspected of maintaining the bonds with the Mafia.

  • inflation falls to 6,1%; Alfa Romeo is privatisée; unemployment is higher than 10%.

  • the economic growth continues (2,8%). GNP reaches 600 billion dollars. Italy became the fifth industrial power of the world, before the Great Britain.

Oceania & the Pacific

The Middle East

  • 13 - January 24th: A civil war with the Yemen of the south made 10  000 dead.
  • February: The Jordan gives up the dialog with PLO, not being able to lead this one to give up the any violent action publicly.

  • War Iran-Iraq: The Iranian army seizes FAO, then decides to carry out a great offensive towards Al Basra. In spite of multiple attacks, the city is not taken and the Iran gives up its military ambitions in 1987.

  • Multiplication of the confrontations between rival militia to the Lebanon (1986-1987): militia Druzes against Amal with Beirut, Amal against Hezbollah in the Shiite suburbs . The Syrian army is reached again and settles in Beirut, with the agreement of the chief of the government, Rachid Karamé. In the Christian tiny room, clash the Lebanese Forces of Samir Geagea, the Lebanese Armée with the general Michel Aoun and the partisans of Amine Gemayel.

Arts & cultures

See also: 1986 with the cinema, 1986 in music, 1986 in literature, 1986 with the theater, 1986 as a cartoon, 1986 on television

Sciences & technology

See also: 1986 in science

See also: 1986 in aeronautics

See also: 1986 in the railroads

Sports

See also: 1986 in sport

See also: 1986 in football

Births in 1986

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Death in 1986

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Beats-smg: 1986 Be-X-old: 1986 Map-bms: 1986 Simple: 1986 Zh-min-nan: 1986 nor Zh-yue: 1986 年

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