1984

This page relates to the year 1984 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

  • July 4th: Swiss adoption in of an ordinance regulating the documentary evidence of the origin of the goods as regards Foreign trade.

  • August 14th: Conference of the United Nations on demography, with Bucharest.

Africa

  • Famine with the the Sahel (1984 - 1985).

  • frontier Guerre enters the Libya and the Chad.

Southern Africa

  • Negotiations between SWAPO (Organization of the people of Africa of South-west) and the South Africa in Namibia (1984 - 1989).

The Maghreb

  • the new civil code reintroduces the Charia in Algérie.

Americas

Canada

  • January 13rd: Anne Cools becomes the black first nobody with being named with the Sénat of Canada.
  • May 14th: Jeanne Sauvé is the first named woman Gouverneure general of Canada.
  • September 4th: The Left progressist-conservative Canada and its chief Brian Mulroney gain 211 seats with the House of Commons, forming the majority Gouvernement most important of the Canadian political history.

the United States

  • January 1st: The telco AT&T must separate from its 23 local subsidiary companies, from now on gathered in seven independent regional companies (the Baby Bells ) which do not have the right to manufacture telephone equipment nor to propose services long distance. In this field, competition is open, and AT&T loses its natural monopoly and faces adversaries, such MCI, which have of satellites and networks of Fiberoptic.
  • January 24th: Launching of Macintosh by Apple Computer Inc.
  • July 31st: The Soviet Union and 13 other countries boycott OJ of Los Angeles.
  • November 6th: Triumphal re-election of Ronald Reagan (Republican) like chair of the United States, carried by the revival, with 58,8% of the voices against Walter Mondale (Democratic) 40,6%. The democrats keep the majority with the Chambre.
  • December: The the United States withdraw UNESCO.

  • the budget reaches 24% of GNP with 200 billion deficit in 1984 - 1985.

Latin America

  • January: Latin-American economic conference of Quito. The Latin-American ones affirm as the debt is a political problem, and not only economic, for which the responsibility falls as well to the debtors as with the creditors. After the Conference of Carthagène in June, the international community becomes aware of social dimension and policy of the problem of the debt.
  • February 2nd: Jaime Lusinchi, Christian-Democrat becomes president of Venezuela.
  • March 25th - May 6th: presidential Election with the El Salvador. Thanks to an financial aid of the United States, the Christian-Democrat Duarte carries it with the second round (May 6th) on the leader of extreme right-hand side of the ARENA, the major Roberto D' Aubuisson. The American military aid increases, worsening the civil war.
  • September 2nd: Assassination of the French priest Andre Jarlan with Santiago of Chile.
  • Argentinian September 25th, : The Superior council of the armed forces states itself inefficient to judge acts of repression made between 1976 and 1983 (“Guerre salts”).
  • October 6th, Chile: Augusto Pinochet restores the state of siege raised since 1978 and continues to repress hard the protested , which lower intensity gradually.
  • October 8th, El Salvador: President Duarte proposes direct negotiations with the FMLN. A dialog opens with Palma but does not succeed.
  • October 11th: presidential Election with the Panamá. The chief of the National guard Manuel Noriega holds the reality of the capacity (1984 - 1989).
  • November 4th: The candidate of FSLN Daniel Ortega gains the elections with the Nicaragua, boycotted by part of the opposition.
  • November 25th: Democracy in Uruguay. Julio María Sanguinetti is elected president of Uruguay (beginning of mandate on March 1st 1985).
  • November:
  • Argentinian December 25th, : The Supreme court, more the high authority as regards justice, recognizes in its place the competence of the Federal court to judge the leaders of the juntas.

Asia

  • January 1st: Independence of the sultanate of Brunei with respect to the the United Kingdom. It adheres to ASEAN.
  • April 30th: The pagoda Sukamoni a pagoda out of wooden of three stages, very old, in the Temple Sangbongsa, in South Korea, is destroyed by a fire.
  • June 3rd, India: Indira Gandhi orders the attack of the Temple of Gold of Amritsar, sanctuary of the Sikhs. The final attack is given the June 6th with the support of the tanks. The Indian army loses 700 men and the community sikh is very run up against by the profanation of the sanctuary.
  • August 8th: The president de Mongolie Yumjagiyn Tsedenbal must resign due to authoritarianism. Its successor Jambyn Batmonkh makes it responsible for the “stagnation” of the country.
  • September 26th: The the United Kingdom and the China decide the return of HongKong to China in 1997, the capitalist system in front of there perdurer until 2047.
  • October 31st, India: Indira Gandhi is assassinated by its bodyguards Sikhs. His/her son Rajiv succeeds to him like Prime Minister of India. He tries to launch the country in the way of industrial modernization. The news of the assassination of Indira causes pogroms which show the death of 4000 Sikhs.
  • October:
    • Pu Laldenga, the chief of the insurrection mizo in the North-East of the India deposits the weapons. The territory is promoted State of the Mizoram and Laldenga becomes the chief minister about it.
    • Kampuchea: the principal bases of the coalition of the three resistance movements are destroyed by the Vietnameses between October 1984 and April 1985.
  • 2 with the December 3rd: During the night, the explosion of a tank of 40 T Méthylisocyanate of the factory of pesticides Union Carbide with Bhopal, (India), causes more 20  000 died and more 200  000 handicapped. ( to see Catastrophe of Bhopal ).
  • December 19th: Joint Declaration sino-British on the question of HongKong. It envisages the return of HongKong to China the June 30th 1997, after the expiry of lease of 1898.
  • December 31st: Rate of participation record with the general elections in India (63%). The Parti the Congress gains them with 49,2% of the voices.

  • In Afghanistan, the Soviet troops launch an offensive against the “Moudjahiddin S”.

  • 14 million Sikhs to the Pendjab.

Europe

  • January 17th: Conference on disarmament in Europe (CDE) with Stockholm: 35 countries signatories of CSCE of Helsinki.
  • February 9th, Soviet Union: Died of Iouri Andropov.
  • February 13rd, Soviet Union: The Politburo chooses Konstantin Tchernenko, 72 years old, as general secretary of the Communist party (end in March 1985). Its short passage to the businesses is hardly pretext with the innovations. He courts initially the chief of Staff Nikolai Ogarkov, which pleads for a reinforcement of the means devoted to defense, in order to counter his rival Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, favorable to the research and development and the investment, then he plays the chart of consumption.
  • Mars: Reorganization of teaching in Spain.
  • June, Portugal: Arrest of Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho with about fifty militants of extreme left.
  • July 1st: To the Liechtenstein, a Référendum finally grants to the women the right to vote for the national elections.
  • July 19th: Jacques Delors becomes president of the European commission.
  • July 21st: Amnesties political in Poland.
  • September, Soviet Union: Nikolai Ogarkov, too judged stirring up, is drawn aside by Konstantin Tchernenko. At the same time, the need for a new foreign politics founded on a bringing together with the West is felt. Mikhaïl Gorbatchev seems to incarnate it since the summer. It develops during a conference the three key concepts of its projects of action: Perestroika , Glasnost , uskorenie (rebuilding, transparency, acceleration).
  • October 19th, Poland: Business of the father Jerzy Popieluszko, chaplain of the steel-works of Warsaw, removed, tortured and assassinated by the Polish political police. The mode Jaruzelski, compromised, loses little by little the control of the situation and tries to introduce economic reforms.
  • November 3rd: Funeral of the father Popieluszko, in front of hundreds of thousands of Pole.

  • Co-operation between the French governments and Spanish for the problem Basque.

  • Beginning of the policy of bulgarisation with excess in Bulgaria of which the goal is to make leave the maximum of the 900  000 Bulgarian of Turkish origin, Turkish language and Islamic religion, to which are added 300  000 Bulgarian of origin but of Islamic religion (Pomaks). The Communist government of Sofia announces that “the Bulgarian State-nation does not include/understand other people only the Bulgarian ones. ”
  • Spain: Unemployment touches 21,6% of the active population (2  640  000). Inflation is suppressed (9%). The trade deficit lowers half.

France

See also: 1984 in France

Swiss

See also: 1984 in Switzerland

Italy

  • July 16th: The three principal trade-union confederations sign an agreement regulating the strikes in transport.
  • July: The judge Giovanni Falcone makes extradite Brésil a “godfather” notorious of the Mafia, Tommaso Buscetta, which passes to the consents.
  • 29 - September 30th: An operation of great scale against the Maffia is launched to Palermo: 366 arrests, 200 inculpations. The law of silence ( omertà ) is broken. The confessions are paid by reduced sentences.
  • In November, the former mayor of Palermo cd. Vito Ciancimino is stopped; the two Salvo cousins, financier of the Maffia, fall in their turn. The Sicilians ravel with Palermo to express supports to them with justice.

  • Visit in GDR of Bettino Craxi.

  • New Legal settlement between Craxi and Mgr Casaroli in the name of Jean-Paul II. Catholicism ceases being a religion of State, and the Italian State gives up any control on the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
  • Loan of 500 million dollars on the international market. The growth sets out again (+2,5%). The rate of inflation does not exceed 10% for the first time since 1973. The flexible salary scale is limited (Craxi).
  • Fine of the Bradyséisme of Pouzzoles (begun in 1982).

The United Kingdom

  • March 6th: Strike of the minors (end in March 1985).
  • June: Agreement of Fontainebleau between the the United Kingdom and the EEC. The United Kingdom obtains final reductions for its payments, and one gets along on the inevitable braking of the agricultural expenditure (limit imposed on the future guaranteed prices, taxation carrying of the production).
  • October 12th: Attack of the WILL GO to the Large Hotel of Brighton, aiming Margaret Thatcher.
  • December 3rd: Privatization of British Telecom.

  • Trade Union demanding Act leaders of the trade unions to request the vote of their members for the renewal of their mandate every five years and to pour a contribution to a political party.

  • Spleens Act giving to the government the possibility of putting a ceiling to the local taxes of the most extravagant municipalities.

Oceania & the Pacific

The Middle East

  • January: The Multinational force begins its evacuation of the Lebanon, leaving free the warlike action of the militia in Beirut.

  • 16 - January 19th: 4th Islamic top (41 present out of 44). It reinstates Egypt.
  • February 8th: Rebirth of the Left Wafd in Egypt.
  • February: Amal and the Druzes take again the control of Beirut western. In western Beirut, the Amal militia (Shiite) tries to take the total control of the city, eliminating the last militia sunnites. Amal carries out a loophole “war of the camps” against the Palestinian organizations and faces the PLO which tries to be reimplanted in the South.
  • Mars: Amine Gemayel denounces the israélo-Lebanese agreement of May 1983 and breaks the relations with Israel.
  • April: Completion of the Israeli withdrawal of the the Sinai.
  • May 13rd: Iranian aviation attacks Saoudi and Kuwaiti tankers.
  • June: The last Israeli troops leave officially the Lebanon, while leaving the control of the frontier zone to a suppletive local militia, the Armée with Southern Lebanon.
  • September 20th: A truck-suicide explodes in front of an appendix of the embassy of the the United States to Beirut, making 23 died and 60 wounded.
  • November: XVIIe CNP with Amman. The principle of a coordinated action of the Palestinians with the Jordan is reaffirmed.

  • War Iran-Iraq: Three Iranian attacks make it possible to conquer part of the area of the marshes, close to the Chatt-el-Arab.

Arts & cultures

See also: 1984 with the cinema, 1984 in music, 1984 in literature, 1984 with the theater, 1984 as a cartoon, 1984 on television

Sciences & technology

See also: 1984 in science

See also: 1984 in aeronautics

See also: 1984 in the railroads

Sports

See also: 1984 in sport

See also: 1984 in football

Births in 1984

Death in 1984

Beats-smg: 1984 Be-X-old: 1984 Map-bms: 1984 Nds-nl: 1984 Simple: 1984 Zh-min-nan: 1984 nor Zh-yue: 1984 年

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