1980

This page relates to the year 1980 Gregorian Calendrier.

Africa

  • March 11th: Beginning of the Berber Spring in Algeria, during which the Berbères assert the officialization of the language tamazight. Strikes and riots in Kabylie and with Algiers.

  • Mars: Mali: Demonstrations coeds against the mode of Moussa Traoré are repressed violently. Their leader Abdoul Karim Camara says “Cabral” dies under torture.
  • April 1st: The Malawi adheres to SADCC, without breaking its relations with the South Africa.
  • April 12th: Military coup d'etat of the sergeant Samuel Doe with the Liberia.
  • April 18th: Loading of name of Rhodesia which becomes Zimbabwe and gives up the Apartheid. Authority of the black majority in Zimbabwe established by Robert Mugabe (ZANU), Prime Minister of a government of reconciliation. Bob Marley is invited at the time of the ceremony to play there.

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

  • Amendment of the Charter of OAU proposer to define three new essential missions: maintains peace and safety, the protection of the human rights and the fast payment of the crises.

  • Julius Nyerere, re-elected president in Tanzania, announces its political retirement for 1985.

Economy & company

  • 440 million inhabitants in Africa (12,1% of the world population). The birthrate is maintained with an high rate (47 per thousand on average in 1965 as in 1980), mortality drops (by 23 per thousand on average in 1965 to 17 per thousand in 1980), the life expectancy with the birth increases (49 years on average in 1980, that is to say seven years more than in 1965). 26% of the population live downtown.
  • 53,2% of the South-African population lives downtown.
  • Action plan of Lagos for the creation of a African from here the year 2000 in order to ensure economic integration, cultural and social Economic community continent.

Americas

Canada

  • May 20th: The Quebec, the referendum for an sovereignty-association failed.
  • July 1st: O Canada becomes the national anthem.
  • October 28th: national energy Program comprising restrictions on oil and gas exports towards the United States (1980 - 1981).

The United States of America

  • In January, the Administration presents an expansionist budget, then in Mars to balance it for 1981 announces to want. This policy appears to cause a recession (be). Paul Volcker gives up imposing a too severe monetary policy on Jimmy Carter, which announces an intended program to revitalize the economy by tax measures. The dollar relapses and inflation sets out again. A new rise of interest rates must be imposed (20% in December).

  • March 18th: The the United States reduce exports of technology towards the USSR and increase them towards China.
  • March 27th: Beginning of the Eruption of the Holy mount Helens.
  • In spring, Carter makes approve the deregulation of the oil prices over two years.
  • April 25th: Failure of a héliportée forwarding intended to deliver the American hostages in Iran.
  • May 18th: Eruption of the Holy Mount Helens. The explosion is 500 times higher than the bomb of Hiroshima. 57 died, asphyxiated by ashes.
  • May 21st: Chemical pollution close to the Falls of the Niagara.
  • June 1st: Launching of CNN.
  • July: Refusal to be registered on the military lists of incorporation of more than 800  000 people, is 10% of the population concerned. Peace marches in front of the Pentagon. More than one thousand of people are stopped for passive civil disobedience.
  • August 14th: Casing obtains accuracy the nomination of the democratic party disputed by Edward Kennedy.
  • August 22nd: The United States obtains the base of Berbera in Somalia.
  • September 9th: Business from the “Eight with the Plow”: Christian pacifist militants are introduced into the factory of the General Electric Company of King off Prussia (Pennsylvania) which produces nuclear warheads. They damage two nuclear warheads with blow of mass and pour their blood on the missiles, the plans and the desks. During their lawsuit, they will declare that they wanted to illustrate a matter of the Bible which recommended to change the “swords into plow shears”.
  • October 23rd: Large cereal agreement between the United States and the China.

  • November 4th: Election of Ronald Reagan (Republican) like chair of the United States (with the capacity the January 20th 1981) with 50,7% of the voices (44 million) against Jimmy Carter (Democratic) 41% (35,5 million), with 46% of abstentions. Its election has involved a Republican majority with the Senate for the first time for thirty years.

  • December 8th: Assassination of John Lennon.

  • 12,4% of inflation.

  • GNP of the United States accounts for 25% of the world GNP.
  • a million immigrants in 1980 (Asian, Spanish-Americans).

Latin America

  • March 3rd, El Salvador: The first junta of government dissolved and is replaced by a second junta in whom takes part the Party Christian-Democrat (PDC) of Napoleón Duarte.

  • March 24th, El Salvador: The assassination by the Army of the archbishop of San Salvador, Mgr Romero, emblematic figure of the engagement of the Church at the sides of the revolted peasants, opens a civil war which will cause the death of 70  000 people in ten years.
  • March 28th: Argentinian economic crisis in . Bankruptcy of the first private banking of the country, the Banco of Regional Intercambio .
  • May 18th: Fernando Belaúnde Terry is elected president of the Peru. The election day before, the Peruvian Communist party luminous Sentier (PCP-SL) put fire at the ballot boxes and the electoral registers of a village of the department of Ayacucho. The violence of the guerilla of the luminous Path and the revolutionary movement Tupac Amaru obliges the democracy to live in a permanent state of repression.
  • April 20th, Honduras: The soldiers with the capacity organize elections for a constituent Assembly after having prohibited the party social-Christian and the Communist party and having tried revived their alliance with the national party. At the conclusion of elections relatively honest with only 20% of abstention, the liberal party gains the elections clearly, which expresses a Net rejection of the military regime. The presidential election is planned for 1981. The general Policarpo Paz García remains president by interim.
  • May, Brazil: Speech of Golbery which proposes a great dialog and a progressive transfer of the capacity to “honest” civilians and influenceable by the soldiers. He recommends a weak multi-party system dominated by a coalition progouvernementale. He manages to make draw aside the opposition party MDB. Emerge then a “honest” opposition PP (Partido Popular) and “unfair”, the PMDB (Partido C Movimento Democrático Brasileiro). The ARENA is transformed into PDS (Partido Democrático Social).
  • June 29th: Elections in Bolivia. Siles carries it with 39% of the voices compared with 20% with Paz and 17% with Banzer. The Congress, requested to choose the winner, does not have time to decide.
  • July 17th, Bolivia: A coup d'etat carries to the capacity the general García Meza and inaugurates two years of disorders. The president Lidia Gueiler Tejada flees in France.
  • July 28th: Civil government in Peru. Fernando Belaúnde Terry restores the democracy.
  • August 10th: The junta approves a new constitution with the Chile. She fixes the mandate of Augusto Pinochet until in 1989 but stipulates that to this date the junta will introduce an one applicant to the elections over the period 1987 - 1997. She puts a provisional term at the interior political crisis and fixes a framework in which should circumscribe the political confrontations. She contains two political models, one of transition, the military dictatorship, the other, for the future, a “democracy limited”.
  • September 11th, Chile: The Constitution is approved by referendum by 67% of the population.
  • October 11th, El Salvador: Formation of the Face Farabundo Martí for the national release (FMLN).
  • October: The Nobel Prize of peace is allotted to Argentinian the Adolfo Pérez Esquivel.
  • November 30th: In Uruguay, the soldiers with the capacity submit by referendum a constitution project to the whole of the population: 57,2% of not for 87% of participation.
  • December 22nd, El Salvador: to find an exit political with the crisis, the army names Napoleón Duarte president provisional.

  • the Spanish Jesuit Fernando Hoyos decides to join the Guatemalan guerilla and becomes ordering it Carlos.

  • Creation of the Latin-American Association of integration (ALADI), gathering ten countries of South America and Mexico, which replaces Association for Latin-American free trade (LATFA).

Asia

  • January 14th: Victoire of the Left the Congress (42,7%) on Janata (19%) with the elections. Indira Gandhi takes again the capacity in India (fine in 1984). After its defeat, the coalition of Janata Party is dislocated: The Hindu nationalists create the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP, party of the Indian People).

  • February: Revolt in Assam. The government of New Delhi organizes elections in this unstable State. The electoral campaign shows more than 4000 dead: the boycott is quasi total but the Parti the Congress is victorious. Many journalists consider that the poll was defrauded.
  • March 3rd: Government of the general Prem Tinsulanonda in Thailand (fine in 1988).
  • May: The Nepal board decide by referendum for the maintenance of the apolitical system of the panchayat which disappearing the opposition wishes to see.
  • May 17th: Martial law in South Korea. Popular demonstrations and coeds of a great width disturb the country.
  • 18 - May 27th, South Korea: with Kwangju, the capital of the province of Jeolla of the South, in which the main leader in the opposition Kim Dae-jung was originating, the demonstrations are transformed into a true insurrection. The commandos parachutists intervene and, after three days of bloody street battles, the army takes again the control of the city. The official results, 191 died, are probably underestimated.
  • June 13rd: Sanjay Gandhi is named general secretary of the Parti the Congress.
  • June 16th: Sanjay Gandhi dies in an air crash, close to Delhi, at the 33 years age.
  • June 23rd: Incursion Vietnamese in Thailand.
  • July 29th: the former Burmese Prime Minister U Naked is authorized to return in Burma like ordinary citizen.
  • September 1st: Dictatorship of Chun Doo-hwan in South Korea (fine in 1987).
  • September 10th: Hua Guofeng resigns of its load of Prime Minister for the Popular republic of China. He disappears completely from the political scene in June 1981.
  • October, North Korea: At the congress of Pt, the son of Kim It-sung, Kim Jong-il, is placed at a high station of the Political office as well as Central committee of the party.

  • Voyage to the Tibet of the general secretary of the Chinese Communist party Hu Yaobang. It makes a criticism of the policy colonialist and mistakes Chinese in Tibet. The government announces the installation of reforms: economic measures, autonomy of decision of the Tibetans. 85% of the Chinese executives must leave the country. The prisoners are released and the Tibetan is again taught. Tibet is opened with international tourism. Certain monasteries destroyed by the red Gardes are rebuilt and great tolerated religious holidays.

  • communist Insurrection in Thailand crushed by the military regime.
  • the trade balance of the Japan is not overdrawn any more. The population of Japan counts 117 million inhabitants.
  • the India integrates the club of the satellite country launchers of S.

Europe

France

See also: 1980 in France

Swiss

See also: 1980 in Switzerland

Italy

  • 8,4% of the active population to unemployment. Quasi-équilibre of the trade balance. 20% of inflation. Between 1979 and 1980, GNP believes of 10%, the investments of 30%, the domestic consumption of 13% but these results were paid in terms of external deficit and inflation according to the governor of the Banque of Italy, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi.

The United Kingdom

  • January 2nd: Burden with the workmen of the British Steel.
  • May: Margaret Thatcher obtains the EEC a substantial reduction of the sums to be paid and the increase in the expenditure structural to the profit of the United Kingdom.

  • Beginning of privatizations.

  • Law on employment regulating the practice of the strike pickets and prohibiting the strikes of solidarity. It subjects the exercise of the trade-union monopoly of recruiting to a vote with secret bulletin of the base, before a new law declares it illegal in 1982.
  • Réforme of the local government agencies: the RSG (State grant to the local government agencies) is replaced by a fixed allowance ( block grant ).
  • Law obliging the local government agencies at low prices to sell the social housing to the tenants who would make the request of it. A third of the rental equipment is sold in ten years, bringing back 17,5 billion £ of receipts and changing the proportion of the occupants owners from 58 to 67% of the English households.
  • 748 died in attacks in Ulster in 1980-1990 of which 75% are ascribable with the WILL GO.

Poland

  • February 18th: Edward Babiuch becomes Prime Minister.

  • July 1st: Following the rise in the price of the meat, protest movements in the factories require during all the month of pay rises. The country is paralyzed.
  • August 14th: 17  000 workmen of the shipyards Lénine of Gdańsk put themselves in strike during three weeks after the dismissal of a person in charge trade-union nonofficial.
  • August 16th: Creation with Gdańsk of a strike committee between firms, which presents twenty and one claims.
  • August 20th: Arrest of dissidents
  • August 24th: The negotiations do not advance with Gdańsk, the strikes are propagated with Szczecin and the other ports of the Baltic. Jozef Pinkowski becomes Prime Minister, in the place of Edward Babiuch.
  • August 31st: To Gdańsk, Mieczyslaw Jagielski, vice-premier minister in charge for the negotiations, and Lech Wałęsa, an electrician of the shipyards Lénine leader of the movement, manages an agreement. The communist authorities must make concessions without precedent. The strikers obtain the creation of independent trade unions, the right to strike, of pay rises, the release of the political prisoners and an easing of the censure. End of the strikes. The stopped dissidents the 20 are released.
  • September 5th: Edward Gierek is replaced with the head of the working Parti unified Polish by Stanisław Kania.
  • September 22nd: Foundation of the trade union “ Solidarność ”, extremely of ten million members, with, at his head Lech Wałęsa. It is made up starting from 38 committees between firms. It n the other hand accepts the Polish Constitution, the role directing of the Communist party in the State and existing alliances. But the sporadic strikes continue in the country and Moscow starts to worry. The USSR denounces the agreement of Gdansk like a threat of inversion of the communist system.
  • November 27th: To avoid a general strike around Warsaw, release of two men of the trade union Solidarity stopped the 21.
  • December 5th: The Warsaw Pact threat the Poland.
  • December 12th: NATO warns the Soviet Union against an intervention in Poland.

Soviet Union

  • January 4th: Beginning of the cereal embargo against the the USSR.

  • January 9th: Andrei Sakharov, which called with the boycott of the Moscow Olympic Games as a sign of refusal of the invasion of Afghanistan is assigned with residence with Gorki (fine in 1986).
  • May 24th: Following the Soviet occupation of the Afghanistan, 56 countries announce that they will boycott the Moscow Olympic Games.
  • July 19th: Olympic Games of Moscow, boycotted by 56 countries (of which the China and majority of the Western countries except the France).

Oceania & the Pacific

  • July 30th: Independence of the Vanuatu (New Hebrides) with respect to France and of the United Kingdom.

  • Sir Julius Chan, chief of the party for the Progress of the people, becomes Prime Minister of New Guinea-News-Guinea. Intervention on the island of Vanuatu to choke a revolt there.

The Middle East

  • February 26th: Re-establishment of the diplomatic relations between Israel and the Egypt.
  • Mars, Syria: The islamist ones raise Alep during several days. Police repression makes several hundreds of deaths.

  • April, Iraq: Assassination attempt against Tarek Aziz, important member of the government of Christian confession.

  • April 8th, Iraq: Arrest and execution of the revolutionary leader Shiite Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr. Repression falls down on the Shiite clergy, decimating whole clerical families. The Shiite holy cities are placed under a mode of arbitrary police officer.

  • June 13rd: Joint Declaration of PLO and the EEC.

  • June 27th, Syria: The brigades of defense massacre 500 held prisoners with Palmyre.
  • July 30th: The Israeli Parlement vote the final annexation of Jerusalem-Is, which puts an end to any negotiations on the fate of the Occupied territories.
  • July, Lebanon: The militia of Camille Chamoun is eliminated by the Lebanese Forces from Bachir Gemayel, which controls all the Christian zone. It starts again the economic activity in the port of Jounieh and is opposed to the rebuilding of the State. The Syria gives the essence of its positions to PLO and is folded up in the plain of the Bekaa. With the end of the year, Bachir Gemayel undertakes to defy the Syrian forces of Bekaa and tries to seize Zahleh.
  • September 12th: Coup d'etat in Turkey of the army which will cause several deaths and imprisonments. The terrorism of extreme left and extreme right-hand side encourages the army, guarantor of secularity, to intervene and deposit Turkish the Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel. The Parliament east dissolves and the prohibited political parties.
  • September 17th: Saddam Hussein unilaterally denounces the agreement of Algiers concluded with the shah four years earlier on the division from water of the Chatt-el-Arab.

  • September 22nd: Beginning of the War Iran-Iraq . The dictator Iraq IEN Saddam Hussein, supplied in armament by the Soviet Union and the France, lance an attack surprised on the Iran. It counts on the disorganization of the Iranian army following the revolution to carry out a fast war. But the aggression involves in Iran a patriotic start and volunteers engage per thousands. Their sacrifice with the face makes it possible the Iranian army to reorganize.

  • October 24th: In spite of Iranian resistance, Khorramshahr falls. The Iraq opens a second face in north in the Kurdish areas Iranian. Its offensive enlise with the end of the year and military operations is transformed into war of position. The United States does not intervene. The war lasts until in 1988.

  • the Abkhazian and the Ossètes claim their autonomy in Georgia.

  • the Islamic law becomes the primary source of the legislation in Egypt.
  • the closing of Chatt-el Arab involves impossibility for the Iraq of exporting its oil. One fears a third Oil crisis. The price of the barrel reaches one moment 42 dollars. But thanks to the rise of the production out of OPEC and with that of the Saudi Arabia, the price of the crude barrel falls down to 34 dollars in October 1981. The consumer countries start to reduce their stocks.

Arts & culture

See also: 1980 with the cinema, 1980 in music, 1980 in literature, 1980 with the theater, 1980 as a cartoon, 1980 on television

Bullfighting

Sciences & technology

See also: 1980 in science

See also: 1980 in aeronautics

See also: 1980 in the railroads

Sports

See also: 1980 in sport

See also: 1980 in football

Births in 1980

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Death in 1980

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

  • July 25th: Vladimir Vissotsky, Russian singer

  • July 27th: the Shah of Iran dies of a cancer in Cairo.

August

September

October

November

December

Beats-smg: 1980 Be-X-old: 1980 Map-bms: 1980 Simple: 1980 Zh-min-nan: 1980 nor Zh-yue: 1980 年

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