1974

This page relates to the year 1974 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Europe

  • January: The France gives up the defense of the parities fixed, but adjustable, with the profit of the autonomous undulation of the franc. Its exit of the European Currency snake reduces this last to a mechanism tail.
  • February 10th, Spain: The Prime Minister Carlos Arias Navarro announces a plan of liberalization: election of mayors and the municipal council, widening of the elected fraction of the the Cortes, liberalization of the political associations and trade-union. The project will not arrive in the long term, the pro-Franco intransigents by blocking the realization.
  • March 29th: Nicolae Ceausescu, president of the Rumanian Popular republic.
  • April 25th:
  • May 7th: Resignation of the chancellor Willy Brandt in FRG after the arrest of one of his/her collaborators, Günter Guillaume, for espionage with the profit of the East.
  • May 16th:
    • Helmut Schmidt becomes chancellor in FRG.
    • In Yugoslavia, a third Constitution reinforces the autonomy of each nation, while granting to the marshal Tito the position of president with life.
  • July 15th: Coup d'etat of extreme right-hand side against Mgr Makarios with Cyprus, considered to be too hostile with the cause of fastening to the Greece, caused by the colonels.
  • July 20th: Turkish unloading in the north of Cyprus. They occupy 38% of the island and drive back towards the south the Greek populations. The mode of the colonels is discredited.
  • July 23rd: Collapse of the mode of the colonels in Greece and abolition of monarchy in Greece. Konstantínos Karamanlís is recalled of exile and form a provisional government. The constitution of 1952 is restored. In November, the “New democracy”, liberal party of Karamanlís, gains the elections. In December, the republic is confirmed by referendum.
  • July 31st: Coming into effect of the Greek cease-fires between and Turks on the island of Cyprus.
  • July, Spain: Interim ensured by Juan Carlos during the hospitalization of Free (fine in October).
  • 11 - October 13rd: Felipe González becomes general secretary of the Spanish working Socialist party with the congress of Suresnes.
  • December 9th: The Member States of the EEC decide creation of the European Council, on the initiative of the president Giscard d'Estaing, and propose to make elect the the European Parliament by the universal direct suffrage.
  • December 13rd: Malta becomes a republic.

  • Cyprus account 80% of Greeks and Turk 20%.

  • Spain: The tourist receipts account for 22% of the full value of the imports.

France

See also: 1974 in France

the United Kingdom

  • January:
    • Return of the local institutions in Ulster. The government is entrusted to an executive associating unionistic moderated Brian Faulkner and the nationalists nonviolent of the social democrat workers party.
    • Strike of the minors of coal and declaration of a state of emergency.
  • February 28th: Defeat of the conservatives at the anticipated legislatures. Harold Wilson is impotent to convince the trade unions to moderate their salary demands under penalty of starting again the inflationary spiral. The TUC is firmly opposed to its project to limit the rise of the incomes to 5%.
  • March 4th Début of the Labor ministry of Harold Wilson, Prime Minister for the the United Kingdom (fine in 1976).
    • After the fall of the conservative government of Edward Heath, very favorable to Europe, the member of the Labor Party Harold Wilson intends to renegotiate the conditions of entry of its country in the Common Market, before being satisfied, in front of the outcry of its partners, requiring the reduction of the British contribution to the community budget (compromised March 1975).
  • October 10th: The members of the Labor Party obtain a small majority with the legislative elections, which confers to the liberals the position of party hinge.

  • birth rate falls to 13 ‰. Mortality is stable around 12 ‰.

  • the wages increase on average by 28% in 1974 against a productivity gain of 0,5%, which feeds inflation.
  • the members of the Labor Party continue a policy interventionist. Wilson increases the taxes, nationalizes the aircraft industry, naval construction and British Leyland, while Chrysler the U.K. profits from broad subsidies.

Italy

  • March 2nd: Following divergences between the republicans and the Socialists on the economic policy, Mariano Rumor resigns. It founds a fifth government of center left with the participation of the two socialist parties and the support of the republicans.
  • April 18th: The Red Brigades remove the judge of Genoa Mario Rossi during 35 days. After this removal, the police force starts to control the terrorist movements and multiplies the arrests. The confrontations between brigadists and police force make several deaths.
  • May 12th: Referendum on the Divorce. By 59,1% against 40,9%, the country refuses to repeal the law.
  • May 28th: During a demonstration antifascist to Brescia, a bomb causes the death of 8 people and wounds 95 of them. The investigation will establish the responsibility for groupings of extreme right-hand side.
  • August 5th: Terrorist attack of extreme right-hand side of Rome-Munich, making twelve died and 48 wounded.
  • November 23rd: The government Rumor resigns. Aldo Moro directs a coalition of Christian-Democrats and republicans supported by the Socialists (end in 1976).

  • Revelation of two scandals: one implies the Christian Democrat in a business of bribes in the sector of oil (cd. hastens to make adopt a law envisaging the financing of the parties on the public funds); the other relates to the preparation of a coup d'etat with “the Compass card”, with the complicity of certain secret services.

  • Beginning of the recession: raised inflation, extension of the underground sector of the economy, reduction in the production and increase in the Public deficit.
  • Emergency plan of the government: credit restriction and lowers imports, because inflation reaches 21% in the year. Loan of two billion dollars to the FRG.

  • GNP per capita is of 2.690 dollars (1 916 dollars in 1969), that is to say 55% of that of France.

Portugal

  • March 14th: Dismissal of the generals António Spínola and Francisco da Costa Gums and failure of the mutiny of the 5° regiment of Infantry.

  • April 25th: Revolution of the eyelets. Rebellion of the army led by young officers under the direction of the captain Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho. A military junta of seven members (whose António Spínola and Francisco da Costa Gomes) states to assume the capacity temporarily. Marcelo Caetano goes to Spinola and president Americo Tomas is put in a state of arrest. The democracy is instituted. Crowd invades the streets of Lisbon, fraternizes with the soldiers who receive eyelets, of which they decorate their rifles.
  • May 15th: António Spínola, president of the Portuguese Republic.
  • May 16th: Palma Carlos, president of the council (fine the July 14th).
  • July 18th: Provisional government of the colonel Vasco Gonçalves (fine in 1975)
  • September 27th: Failure of the “quiet demonstration”.
  • September 30th: Resignation of Spinola. Francisco da Costa Gomes replaces it.

  • Portugal counts 450  000 days laborer.

  • 33% of raising of prices in the six months preceding the revolution.

the USSR

Africa

  • April 15th: Hamani Diori is reversed with the Niger by Seyni Kountché which founds a military regime and restores the economy.
  • June 2nd: New Constitution with the Mali, adopted by referendum with 99% of yes. The soldiers remain alone with the capacity with a sole party.
  • July, Mali: 100  000 refugees victims of the dryness are installed in about thirty camps in the surroundings of Gao.
  • September 6th: Agreement on the independence of the Mozambique, while on the spot the military combat are with most.
  • September 10th: The Portugal grants independence to the Guinea-Bissau.
  • September 12th: The Négus (emperor of Ethiopia), Hailé Sélassié I {{er}} is reversed by the army. The mode of the négus crumbles, victim of its incapacity to fight against the Famine and to adopt political reforms and social essential. A military council replaces the emperor by prince Asfa Wossen, constitutional monarch, who takes as a starting point the methods Maoists, nationalizes the trade and industry, collectivizes the grounds. He must face the centrifugal tensions (Érythrée, Ogaden) which threaten the territorial integrity of multiethnic Ethiopia.
  • October 14th: Re-election of the president Jomo Kenyatta with the Kenya, only candidate.
  • October 22nd: Cease-fire enters FLNA and the Portuguese army in Angola.
  • October: Frontier conflict enters the Mali and the the Upper Volta (fine in 1985).

The Middle East

  • January 18th: Agreement of “kilometer 101” between Israel and Egypt following the shuttle of Henry Kissinger of the 10 - January 18th. The Israeli forces are withdrawn on a distant line of approximately 20 km of the Suez Canal. A buffer zone is created between the two armies and is occupied by the FUNU.
  • February 25th: The Saudi Arabia conditions the end of the embargo to a disengagement of Israel of the Golan. Israel refuses a complete withdrawal and the tensions begin again on Golan.
  • March 18th: Sadate obtains however the lifting of the embargo on oil.
  • April: The Iran supports Kurdish resistance in Iraq. In April, the official armed forces take again the control of the plains but the mountainous regions remain between the hands of the rebels.
  • At the end of May, an syro-Israeli agreement is signed: the Israeli forces agree to be withdrawn beyond the line of June 1967 in exchange of supplies of American weapons.
  • 12 - June 18th: Richard Nixon accomplishes with the the Middle East a triumphal voyage devoting the American diplomacy.
  • 26 - October 29th: PLO is declared by a conference of the Arab chiefs with Rabat “only and single representing of the Palestinian people”.
  • October 30th: Conference of the nineteen members of OPEC to Geneva. The Saudi Arabia is laid out with a reduction of the oil prices but runs up against the opposition of the Algérie, the Iraq and the Iran.
  • November 13rd: Yasser Arafat is received with UNO, PLO receives the statute of observer, and the Palestinian people see themselves recognizing by the general meeting the right “to sovereignty and national independence”.

  • First attacks in Egypt perpetrated by islamist groups claiming thought of Sayyid Qutb. They are dismantled by an effective police repression.

Asia

  • January 19th: The Chinese navy settles with the islands Paracel which she asserts with the detriment of the Southern Vietnam.
  • January: The National front gains the elections in Burma. The socialist popular republic of Burma is proclaimed after a referendum. The new Constitution of 1974 transfers the capacity from the sole party of the military revolutionary Council to a Parliament of the People directed by Win and other former military leaders. The ethnic insurrections which burst in the States kachin and shan, continue to refuse the access of important areas (especially the Burmese part of the Triangle of gold, essential supplier of the worldwide market of the Opium) to the control of the government. The insurrection of the Communist party of Burma keeps the official support of China. U Naked, taken refuge in Thailand, tries without success to call with the inversion of the government Win.
  • January - March, India: Riots in the Gujerat and the Maharashtra ( January), then with the Bihâr ( March). Gujerat is placed under the president' S rule (direct government of the central capacity).
  • March 4th: Sein Lwin becomes Prime Minister of Burma (fine in 1977).
  • March 18th: Catch of Oudong, old royal capital of the Kampuchea, by the Khmer Rouge. The city is shaven and the majority of its 20  000 inhabitants are off-set or carried out.
  • April:
    • the party of the Congress of the Sikkim removes all the seats of the Parliament.
    • tripartite Agreement between the India, the Bangladesh and the Pakistan. Recognition by the Pakistan of the republic of the Bangladesh.
    • a provisional government of national union directed by Souvanna Phouma and a political optional council are set up at the Laos. An agreement envisages the withdrawal of all the foreign forces and the neutralization of Vientiane and Luang Prabang.
  • May 16th: First Indian atomic explosion in the desert of the the Rajasthan.
  • May: Vagueness of strikes to Rangoon in Burma.
  • 5 - December 10th: The funeral of the general secretary of the United Nations U Thant is the occasion of antigovernment demonstrations in Burma.
  • December 9th: Economic plan of redeployment to the Japan, launched by the new Prime Minister Takeo Miki.
  • December: New Constitution in Thailand.

  • the US governments and Nepaleses withdraw their assistance with the guerilla Tibetan of the Mustang, enclave Tibetan of the Nepal.

  • Record rate of inflation of 27% in India. Economic regression. The private sector, threatened of nationalization, loses its dynamism. The budget of the State shows a growing Budget deficit.

Americas

  • February 7th: Independence of the Grenade.
  • March 12th: Carlos Andrés Pérez, reformist with the capacity with the Venezuela (fine in 1979).
  • March 15th: Ernesto Geisel becomes president of Brazil. Liberalization under control of the political life. Arrived at the capacity, the general Ernesto Geisel and his adviser the Golbery general launch a process of opening ( distensão ) which answers a concern primarily of curing internal problems the military institution. For the legislative elections of November, the censure of the press is raised, and the elections are faked than with the accustomed one. Opposition, joined together in the MDB (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro), reached 50% of the voices to senatorial against 34,7% for the official party ARENA ( Aliança Renovadora Nacional ). The government reacts by making sure control of legislative work and by preventing any progression of the opposition.
  • Mars: With the Chile, the soldiers make public a “proclamation” in which they affirm that the mode would not be a bracket and that they ambitionnent the creation of a “purged democracy of his defects”.
  • July 1st, Argentinian: Died of Juan Perón which leaves the place to his wife Isabel, then vice-president. As it does not have any experience of the capacity, it is its adviser Jose López Rega who imposes his views. It launches the troops armed with Argentinian Alliance anticommunist (AAA) in the fight against subversion. The state of siege is proclaimed on all the territory the November 6th. With the economic plan, inflation flies away. The various factions of the peronism burst. Two terrorist groups peronists, the Montoneros and the Youth peronist, announce the resumption of the armed struggle. Isabel finds like parades to carry out pay rises, which feeds a dangerous inflationary spiral.
  • July 30th: French becomes the official language of the Quebec.
  • September: The parody of election to the Nicaragua is boycotted by the private sector, which passes in the opposition. Anastasio Somoza Debayle is carried to the capacity (February 1st).
  • November:
  • December: With the Nicaragua, the opposition founds a democratic Union of release (UDEL). The Face Sandinista of national release (FSLN), credit since 1961, carries out a spectacular taking of hostages which starts again its activities. The Catholic church criticizes the exactions of the soldiers. The opposition to the mode is general, but remains divided as for the strategy to adopt: negotiation with Somoza (the United States and UDEL) or to cut down mode (FSLN). The FSLN itself is divided into three tendencies.

  • Resumption of negotiations between Panamá and the United States for the renegotiation of the treaty of 1903 on the canal zone.

  • Land reform and national plan of economic development to the Honduras, which envisages the active participation of the State. The plan profits from supports trade-union organizations, but the employers' sectors criticize the interventionism of the State which is concretized by the creation of the national Corporation of investments (CONADI).
  • Brazil, after oil crisis marks the end of the economic clearing, the return of inflation, whereas the debt Asphyxie the country. The generals are discredited.
  • Chile: To fight against the Public deficit, Pinochet gives up all the types of subsidies. Only the budget of defense increases by 65% in 1974. Against inflation, it prohibits any trade-union activity so that no pressure is exerted on the wages.
  • Programme of privatization in Chile (96% of the state enterprises).

the United States

  • January: The Secretary of State to Defense James Schlesinger calls upon the right of the industrialized countries to the growth and by consequence their right to intervene against the underdeveloped countries which by some economic decision would endanger their prosperity.
  • Voyage of Nixon to Moscow.
  • August 8th: Richard Nixon announces her resignation after the Supreme court has constrained it to deliver recordings establishing that he had sought to cover the Affaire of Watergate.
  • August 9th: Resignation of Richard Nixon, replaced by the vice-president Gerald Ford, following the Scandal of Watergate. Beginning of the republican presidency of Gerald Ford with the the United States (fine in 1977). Nelson Rockefeller vice-president.
  • September 8th: Gerald Ford grants her forgiveness (immunity) to Nixon one month after its taking up the duties, which costs him the confidence of the opinion.
  • November 5th: The republicans more than are ever put in minority at the Congress at the bys-election.
  • November 13rd: In a house of Amityville, Ronald DeFeo Jr., 23 years, assassinates the six members of its family with a rifle 35 Misters At the time of his lawsuit, the September 22nd 1975, it will say to be had by a voice which would have ordered to him to kill. He will be condemned to 125 years of prison.
  • November: Travel of Gerald Ford in Soviet Union. Agreements of Vladivostok.
  • December: Jackson amendment binding the most favoured granting of the clause of the nation to the Soviet Union with a liberalization of its immigration policy of the Soviet Jews. The USSR refuses the trade agreement of 1972 thus modified.

  • Henry Kissinger approaches Paris to the end of the year.

  • the Congrès approves the Hughes-Ryan amendment which places the CIA under the high surveillance of the Room and the Senate.
  • Stagflation in the United States: the production stagnates or decrease while inflation accelerates (GDP drops by 1,4% in 1974-1975 while the index of the retail prices increases by 21%).

Oceania & the Pacific

Arts & culture

See also: 1974 with the cinema, 1974 in music, 1974 in literature, 1974 with the theater, 1974 as a cartoon, 1974 on television

  • January: exit of Dungeon & Dragons , the first Roleplay writes by E. Gary Gygax.
  • May: Retrospective Juan Miró with the Large palace with Paris.
  • October 12th: With alternate Saragossa (Spain), of Jose Ortega Cano, Spanish Matador.
  • My good-byes with the variety , first one-man show of Coluche.

Sciences & technology

See also: 1974 in science

See also: 1974 in aeronautics

See also: 1974 in the railroads

Sports

See also: 1974 in sport

See also: 1974 in football

Births in 1974

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

See also: : Category: Birth in 1974

Death in 1974

See also: : Category: Death in 1974

Beats-smg: 1974 Be-X-old: 1974 Map-bms: 1974 Simple: 1974 Zh-min-nan: 1974 nor Zh-yue: 1974 年

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