1970

This page relates to the year 1970 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Africa

  • January 8th: The troops Nigerians take the capital of the Biafra, Owerri
  • January 12th: Cease-fire with the Biafra.
  • January 16th: The Biafra, touched by the famine, must capitulate. The victory of the central government of the Nigeria, operated without reprisals towards the population Ibo, is concretized by a reinforcement of the federal capacity.
  • February 10th: The king of Lesotho Moshoeshoe II is driven out capacity and leaves in exile.
  • February 26th: Creation of a station of Prime Minister of Senegal, occupied by Abdou Diouf (fine in 1980)
  • March 1st: Proclamation of the Republic in Southern Rhodesia.
  • June 11th: Evacuation of the foreign bases in Libya.
  • October: Calling upon economic reasons, the president of the Uganda Milton Obote makes expel 60  000 Kenyans of his country.
  • December 5th: Moshoeshoe II, king of Lesotho returns of exile and finds its throne, but not its capacities, of which essence was transferred to the Prime Minister.
  • December 16th: State of emergency in Erythrée.

  • nonwell informed or unknown Dates :

    • Unloading in Guinea of Portuguese, European mercenaries and Guinean opponents.
    • In South Africa, the Bantustans take the name of homelands. The laws of 1970 and 1974 sanction the loss by the Blacks of the South-African citizenship.
    • Beginning of the construction of a railroad of Tanzania in Zambia (Tan-Zam) financed by communist China (end in 1975).
    • 352 million inhabitants in Africa (9,7% of the world population). 43% less than 15 years on average.
    • Dryness with the Mali (1970 - 1974). It is responsible for approximately 100  000 died by Malnutrition.
    • the external national debt amounts to 5% of the amount of exports of goods and service of sub-Saharan Africa (10,9% in 1980 and 19,3% in 1990, South Africa not included/understood).
    • the external national debt amounts to 9,2% of the amount of exports of goods and service of the Algérie (27,1% in 1980 and 59,4% in 1990 (South Africa not included/understood).
    • African exports account for 2,4% of the world exports (1% in 2000, including 40% for oil); the share of Africa in the world commerce passes from 4% to 2% between 1970 and 1995.
    • 290  000 white in Angola, is 5,1% of the population.

Asia

Kampuchea

  • January 6th: The king Norodom Sihanouk, more supported by the Soviet Union and threatened by the CIA, takes refuge with Grasse, on the French Riviera.
  • March 18th: the general Lon Nol, chief of the government, reverses the king, who at once founds with Beijing a “government in exile”, lines up officially in the camp of North Vietnam and invites Vietnamese to fight against the dissenting Kampuchean army.
  • March 23rd: Taken refuge in Beijing, Sihanouk is combined to the Communists within the FUNK (national United front of Kampuchea) and engages the fight.
  • April 29th: American and South Vietnamese intervention with the Kampuchea (until the June 29th).
  • June 9th: The general secretary of UNO U Thant lance a call for the safeguard of the temple and the sanctuary of Angkor, where are held engagements.
  • October 8th: The République is proclaimed in Kampuchea. Its chiefs control only the cities with the assistance of the United States. The campaigns fall to the hands from the Khmer Rouge.

Americas

Latin America

  • Argentinian May 29th, : Montoneros (peronists) remove the former president Aramburu, who had reversed Juan Perón in 1955 then carry out it on June 1st after having translated it in front of a revolutionary tribunal.

  • May 31st: A Earthquake of magnitude 7,9 fact between 50  000 and 70  000 victims with Ancash with the Peru.
  • June 18th: The general Roberto Marcelo Levingston is designated by the junta president of the Argentine (fine in 1971). He must legalize the party peronist and even authorize the return of Juan Perón in Argentine.
  • September 4th: Salvador Allende gains the elections with the Chile with only 36,3% of the voices, in front of a divided line.
  • October 7th, Bolivia: The general Juan Jose Torres Gonzales arrives at the capacity (end in August 1971). He makes assume with the soldiers the revolutionary responsibility for the national development. Like its predecessor, he is opposed to liberalism Barrientos, carries out nationalizations (whose that of the goods of the GULF Petroleum Company ) and adopts measures favorable to the trade unions. He meets the opposition of oligarchy and the relations with the United States are degraded, more especially as the nationalism of Ovando and Torres push them to approach Cuba.

  • November 4th: Salvador Allende takes up duty like president of Chile. Its coalition government of the popular Unit (UP), composed of various left parties, engages immediately of the important social reforms. Diplomatic relations are restored with Cuba (the very same day of the nomination), the China, GDR and the Northern Vietnam.

  • February 1st: Luis Echeverría Álvarez is elected president of the Republic Mexico. It pursues more balanced strategy of economic growth and introduced intended measures to reduce the control of the economy by the foreigners and to increase exports. The bonds with the United States are slackened and Echeverría negotiates economic agreements with several countries of Latin America, the Canada and the European Community; it also negotiates an agreement with the Council for Mutual Economic Aid, sponsored by the Soviet Union.

  • Omar Torrijos lance a series of social reforms to the Panama (law on education, labor regulation, law on housing) and promulgates the banking law which makes of Panama a financial center of international importance. It makes use of the question of the channel to consolidate its mode and “to transform this caricature of country into a nation”.

  • Appearance of a urban guerilla warfare in Argentinian around two poles: the revolutionary Army of people (EPR), tendency trotskist, and Montoneros, peronists.
  • the Mexican economy knows a regular annual growth of 6,3% between 1970 and 1974.
  • 50,7 million inhabitant to the Mexico, 4,7 million in Bolivia, 9,7 with the Chile, 13,6 with the Peru, 93,2 million with the Brazil, 8,3 with Cuba, 5,2 in Haiti, 4,2 in Dominican Republic, 24,3 million in Argentinian, 2,4 with the Paraguay, 2,9 in Uruguay, with the Costa Rica, 5,2 with the Guatemala, 2,6 with the Honduras, 2 with the Nicaragua, 1,4 with the Panama, 3,4 with the El Salvador, 22,2 in Colombia, 6 in Ecuador , 10,7 with the Venezuela.

Canada

the United States

  • April 11th: Launching of the lunar mission Apollo 13.
  • April 22nd: The first Day of the Earth, with the the United States, mobilizes 20 million people. The Congress creates an Agency of Environmental protection and vote a constraining legislation on the quality of the air.
  • May 4th: Murder of four students by the national guard of the Ohio at the time of a demonstration against the War of Vietnam on the campus of Kent State University. The students of 400 universities and colleges are put in strike.
  • prison Risings in the prison of Queens, with Long Island (autumn) and with the prison of Folsom, in California ( November).
  • December: Inquire of the “ Winter Soldier ”: several hundreds of veterans of Vietnam go to Detroit to testify to the atrocities in which they took part or assisted.
  • December 29th: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Independent federal organizations control the safety and the hygiene of the work places.

  • GNP of the United States (1 000 billion dollars) accounts for 30% of the world GNP. 23 billion budget deficit. The budget of defense reaches 80 billion dollars.

  • urban Concentration: 75% of the Americans live over 1,5% of the territory. Reduction of the poverty which passes from 22% in 1960 to 12,5% of the population.
  • Return of the fundamentalist movement protesting American. It militates against the Avortement, sexual permissiveness, the Communisme and for the prayer at the public school, for the teaching of the Créationnisme on an equal footing with the evolutionism, for the economic Libéralisme.

Europe

  • July 27th, Portugal: Died of Salazar. Marcelo Caetano chooses the continuity of the mode. He on television affirms his regret not to institute a parliamentary mode, being given the inadequacy of information in which its fellow-citizens had been held so a long time.

  • October, Portugal: Foundation of the MACAW (revolutionary Action army).
  • December 3rd, Spain: Lawsuit of Burgos against the ETA.

  • Creation with the Portugal of the popular National action, directed by Marcelo Caetano.

  • Trade agreements between the Spain and the EEC.
  • Portugal: 30% of the active population work in the primary sector. The obligation of the schooling is extended to the 14 years age.
  • Denmark: 9% of the active population work in agriculture.
  • the dissenting nuclear physicist Andrei Sakharov founds the Committee for the Human rights.

Germany

  • March 19th: “Handshake of Erfurt” between Willy Brandt and Willi Stoph.
  • August: The governments Soviet and West German sign a treaty rejecting the use of the force to regulate the conflicts and recognizing the existing borders of Europe, including the Frontière Oder-Neisse between East Germany and the Poland.
  • December 7th: Travel of Willy Brandt in Poland, visit of Auschwitz and recognition of the Oder-Neisse line.

France

See also: 1970 in France

Great Britain

  • June 19th: Beginning of the preserving ministry of Edward Heath, Prime Minister for the the United Kingdom (fine in 1974).
    • Victoire of the conservatives to the legislative ones. The conservative party with the capacity passes under the direction of Edward Heath. This one undertakes a policy of inspiration néolibérale: reduction of the direct taxes, of which the maximum section passes from 90 to 75%, release of the credit to start again consumption, reduction in the national expenditure, stop of the subsidies to industries in difficulty.

  • Reform of the local government.

  • Equal Pay Act , instituting the equality of wages enters the sexes.
  • 200  000 students (70  000 in 1950).

Italy

  • Multiplication of the feminist groups after 1970.

  • Beginning of an inflationary phase.

Poland

  • December 7th: Treaty germano-Polish of Warsaw. Recognition de facto of the existing borders (line Oder-Neisse). N the other hand, the government of Bonn receives the insurance that the Polish residents of German nationality aspiring to emigrate in federal Germany would be authorized to leave the Poland.
  • 14 - December 21st: Working disorders in Poland in the ports (Gdańsk. With the advertisement of a very big rise of the prices, true revolts of the hunger burst with Gdańsk and Szczecin. The state of emergency is declared during one week and the demonstrations are severely repressed.
  • December 22nd: Gomulka must resign following the working revolts on the the Baltic. Its successor with the head of the working left, Edward Gierek, takes effective measures to improve the living conditions of Polish (fine in 1980).

Peaceful Oceania &

the Middle East

  • January 7th: Israel starts a strategic bombardment campaign on the Egyptian territory to destroy the military installations and to touch moral civil populations (bombardment of the schools, factories). The population makes block behind Sadate. The Soviet Union addresses a warning to Washington: if the bombardments continue, it will bring a direct support to the Egypt.
  • January 22nd: Nasser goes to Moscow and requires the massive delivery of batteries of anti-aircraft missiles Sam 3, which will be provided, with Soviet personnel and fighters.
  • Mars: From March, the batteries of Sam 3 manage to stop the Israeli raids in Egypt. The United States limits their supplies of planes to Israel. The State Hebrew agrees to negotiate on the basis of resolution 242 and gives up its preliminary request for direct bilateral negotiations.

  • March 11th: In Iraq, a broad autonomy is granted to the Kurdish by the central capacity baassist.

  • At the end of June, Egypt completes to set up its anti-aircraft device on the Suez Canal. Several Israeli planes are cut down.

  • June 19th: William P. Rogers presents a second plan in front of the escalation of violence between Israel and the Egypt. He proposes a three months cease-fire, the resumption of the mission Jarring and acceptance by all the parts of the Résolution 242. Nasser disallows these proposals then accepts the idea of a temporary cease-fire enabling him to reinforce its air device and to implement the plan “granite”. Israel also refuses the Rogers plan. Richard Nixon tries to make reconsider the Israelis their positions by promising the supply of new fighters.

  • July 21st: Completion of the High stopping of Aswan.
  • July 23rd: Nasser accepts the Rogers plan publicly, followed by the king Hussein of Jordan (July 26th) and Israel (). The line leaves the government in Israel.
  • August 8th: The acceptance of the second plan Rogers involves a cease-fire between Egypt and Israel. A zone of 50 km on both sides of the Suez Canal is neutralized. Nasser maintains the operation “Granite” for the November 7th.

  • September 17th: black September. Attacks Palestinian camps by the Jordanian army, after the destruction of Western planes: part of the Palestinians takes refuge with the Lebanon.

  • September 22nd: Soleimane Frangié (Maronite), becomes president of Lebanon.
  • September 28th: Died of President Nasser. The number two of the mode, Anouar el-Sadate takes over temporarily the duties then is elected with the head of the Egypt with 90,04% of the voices (end in 1981). He preaches the introduction of a mode based on the law, denouncing with half-words the police State set up by Nasser. He must face many oppositions in the apparatus of State and intends to be based on a popular legitimacy. He enters in conflict with the soldiers on the question of the end of the cease-fire with Israel which it wishes to prolong.

  • November 13rd: Hafez el-Assad, member of the Left Baath and old driver hunting, seizes the power in Syria by the force. He becomes Prime Minister and general secretary of the Parti Baath. Its main adversaries are stopped or exiled. The political police is purified and the new mode follows a political policy of liberalization.

  • With the end of the year, the Americans provide new weapons to Israel and start again the Jarring mission, which fails on the question of the borders.

  • Rural migration with the Lebanon, involving the swelling of the cities of the coast by the contribution of mountain populations. They transpose in urban space solidarity of group and the oppositions traditional between Maronites, Druzes and Chiites.

Arts & cultures

See also: 1970 with the cinema, 1970 in music, 1970 in literature, 1970 with the theater, 1970 as a cartoon, 1970 on television

Sciences & technology

See also: 1970 in science

See also: 1970 in aeronautics

See also: 1970 in the railroads

Sports

  • Football world cup with the Mexico. The Brésil becomes the first nation to gain the trophy with three recoveries.

Births in 1970

Death in 1970

to also see: : Category: Death in 1970

Beats-smg: 1970 Be-X-old: 1970 Map-bms: 1970 Simple: 1970 Zh-min-nan: 1970 nor Zh-yue: 1970 年

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