197

This page relates to the year 197 Calendrier Julien.

Events

February 14th: Septime Sévère beats Clodius Albinus, with the battle of Lugdunum (Lyon); thanks to this victory over its last rival, he manages to restore the unit of the Roman Empire.
February 19th: Battle of Lugdunum: Lyon, which had embraced the cause of Clodius Albinus, is put at bag. Clodius Albinus commits suicide.

After the defeat of Albinus, the England, like the Syria, is divided in two provinces.

Brittany is separate in two provinces, Brittany lower (capital Eburacum (York)) and higher Brittany (capital Deva), along the line going of the Severn to the Humber. Septime Sévère gives up the Mur of Antonin to return to the line of Hadrian of which it alters and improves defenses.

Soixantequatre senators is denounced like accomplices of Clodius Albinus and twenty-four are put at deaths. Septime Sévère, which had spared the Sénat at the beginning of its reign, does without its collaboration and founds a military monarchy. Officialism is reinforced. The imperial Council, dominated by the jurisconsults Papinien, Ulpien, Paul and Modestin, becomes the principal body of the imperial administration. The equestrian order increases its influence with the detriment of the senatorial aristocracy. The Italy loses some of its privileges: transfer of the senatorial legal privileges to the prefects of the city and the court, substitution of provincial for Italian in the recruitment of the Praetorian guard. Severe Septime ose to even install a legion, IIe Parthica, in Albanum, the doors of Rome.

to support its policy, Septime Sévère gives the preponderance to the army: it increases the number of the legions, increases balances it and the material wellbeing of the soldier, quadruples the garrison of Rome, and by making centurionat a normal preparatory level with the equestrian career, it opens new outlets with the soldiers in the administrative hierarchy.

the Italic right is spread in the provinces (Carthage, Utique, Leptis Magna).
Septime Sévère turns over in the East to continue its countryside against the Parthes (197-202).
Like punishment for their support for Pescennius Niger, Septime Sévère demolishes the Parthes with Séleucie of the Tiger and Ctésiphon and tears off to them the control of the Mésopotamie.
Publication of the Pharmacology , the great work of Galien on the drugs.

the Brittany account then four Roman military colonies: Camulodunum (Colchester), Eburacum (York), Lindum (Lincoln) and Glevum (Gloucester).
the cities, established on old Celtic sites or in the vicinity immediate, are built according to the principles of Roman town planning (plane geometrical, forum, basilica, thermal baths, temples). They do not gather more than 10% of the total population.
the campaigns are organized in two standard structures: in the south of the the Thames, great fields (villae), properties of the local, indigenous elite or not; in the remainder of the province, multiple villages perpetuate types of exploitation dating from the age of iron.
the highway network has an strategic importance, making it possible to quickly forward troops to the not very sour areas. For the transport of the goods, the roads are competed with by the courses of with and the coastal traffic, rapid and more on.
the economy is based on the culture of cereals, the breeding and before all the exploitation of metals: bronze, iron, lead (glassmaking), copper, tin of Cassitérides in Cornouailles. These products are exchanged against wine, oil and objects out of metal necessary to the legions stationed in the island.

Map-bms: 197

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